Souraya Sidani - Nursing and Health Interventions

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For health interventions to be appropriate, acceptable, effective, safe, and efficient, they should be carefully designed. Designing interventions rests on an awareness of what constitutes interventions. This chapter presents a definition of interventions that distinguishes it from related terms (e.g. strategies, programs). The interventions' elements (goals and components) and characteristics (mode, structure, dose) are clarified and described. The elements and characteristics are taken into account when developing, operationalizing, delivering, evaluating, and implementing interventions.

In the health‐related literature, different terms are used to reflect health professionals' practices or services they provide to clients: strategies, interventions, treatments, techniques, therapies, complex or multicomponent interventions, and programs. These terms are not necessarily interchangeable. There is a distinction between strategies; interventions (including treatments, techniques, therapies); and programs (including complex or multicomponent interventions).

A strategy refers to a general conceptual approach to address a health problem. It is derived from and consistent with the conceptualization of the health problem requiring remediation. A strategy is used to frame the overall design of an intervention. For instance, conceptualizing chronic insomnia from a cognitive perspective only (Harvey et al., 2007) highlights the need for a cognitive approach for intervention. The cognitive approach focuses on information processing (e.g. beliefs about factors contributing to and consequences of insomnia). In contrast, viewing chronic insomnia as a behavioral problem (e.g. Bootzin & Epstein, 2011) indicates the need for a behavioral approach for intervention. The behavioral approach focuses on sleep‐related behaviors and habits. As such, a strategy offers general principles to guide the selection and/or design of interventions that are commensurate with the overarching conceptualization of the health problem.