Ronald Wardhaugh - An Introduction to Sociolinguistics

1 Cover

2 Series Page

3 Title Page

4 Copyright Page

5 List of Figures

6 List of Tables

7 Acknowledgments

8 About the Companion Website

9 1 Introduction The Nature of Language Knowledge of Language Variation Language Users and Their Groups: Identities Language and Culture The Interdisciplinary Legacy of Sociolinguistics Overview of the Book Chapter Summary Further Reading References

10 Part I: Languages, Communities, and Contexts 2 Languages, Dialects, and Varieties What is a Language? Language or Dialect? Standardization Regional Dialects Social Dialects Styles and Indexes: The Social Meanings of Linguistic Forms Chapter Summary Further Reading References 3 Defining Groups Speech Communities Communities of Practice Social Networks Social Identities Beliefs about Language and Social Groups Chapter Summary Further Reading References 4 Language in Context: Pragmatics Speech Acts Implicature Politeness Pronouns Naming and Titles Chapter Summary Further Reading References

11 Part II: Theory and Methods 5 Language Variation and Change Variables and Correlations Data Collection and Analysis Doing Quantitative Research: What Do the Numbers Really Mean? Regional Variation Social Variation The First Wave of Variation Studies Language Variation and Change The Second Wave of Variation Studies The Third Wave of Variation Studies Chapter Summary Further Reading References 6 Ethnographic Approaches in Sociolinguistics Ethnography: Participant Observation The Ethnography of Communication Ethnomethodology Critical Ethnography (Socio)linguistic Ethnography Digital Ethnographies: Research in Online Communities Ethnography in Combination with Other Sociolinguistic Methods Chapter Summary Further Reading References 7 Discourse Analysis Conversation Analysis Interactional Sociolinguistics Critical Discourse Analysis Corpus Linguistics Chapter Summary Further Reading References

12 Part III: Multilingual Matters 8 Languages in Contact: Multilingual Societies and Multilingual Discourse Multilingualism as a Societal Phenomenon Language Maintenance and Shift Diglossia Multilingual Discourse Chapter Summary Further Reading References 9 Contact Varieties: Structural Consequences of Social Factors The Structure of Codeswitching Loanwords and Calques Convergence Ethnicized and Social Dialects as Contact Varieties Mixed Languages Lingua Francas Pidgin and Creole Languages: Definitions Creole Formation Geographical Distribution Linguistic Characteristics of P/C Languages From Pidgin to Creole and Beyond Chapter Summary Further Reading References 10 Language, the Nation, and Beyond Language and Nation Language and Migration Language and Globalization Language and the Digital World Chapter Summary Further Reading References

13 Part IV: Sociolinguistics and Social Justice 11 Language, Gender, and Sexuality Defining Terms: Sex Category, Gender, and Sexuality Sexist Language Deficit, Dominance, and Difference Gender and Sexuality Identities Discourses of Gender and Sexuality Chapter Summary Further Reading References 12 Sociolinguistics and Education Social Dialects and Education Education in Multilingual Contexts Education and World‐Wide English Chapter Summary Further Reading References 13 Language Policy and Planning Terminology, Concepts, and Development of the Field LPP and Nationalization LPP in Post‐ and Neo‐Colonial Contexts Multilingual Countries and LPP Feminist Language Planning Endangered Languages and the Spread of English Chapter Summary Further Reading References

14 Glossary

15 Index

16 End User License Agreement

1 Chapter 4Table 4.1 Uses of tóngzhì in 1980s China

2 Chapter 5Table 5.1 Percentage of [r] use in three New York City department stores

3 Chapter 9Table 9.1 Pidgins and creoles by lexifier language

1 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1 ‘Am I a joke to you’ meme. Figure 2.2 ‘Am I a joke to you’ meme without subtitles.

2 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Isoglosses.Figure 5.2 Use of r ‐pronunciation by department store (based on Labov 1972)....Figure 5.3 Multiple negation by social class in Detroit (based on Wolfram 19...Figure 5.4 The Northern Cities Vowel Shift.Figure 5.5 Percentages of overreporting by research participants (based on T...Figure 5.6 Percentages of underreporting by research participants (based on ...

3 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Linguistic landscapes in Berlin, Germany: ‘Your multicultural fre...Figure 8.2 Linguistic landscapes in Berlin, Germany: ‘King of Çiğköfte.’

1 Cover Page

2 Series Page

3 Title Page

4 Copyright Page

5 List of Figures

6 List of Tables

7 Acknowledgments

8 Acknowledgments

9 Table of Contents

10 Begin Reading

11 Glossary

12 Index

13 Wiley End User License Agreement

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