Whole Grains and Health

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WHOLE GRAINS AND <b>HEALTH</b> <p><b>The updated guide to whole grains and their integral role in nutritional health</b><p>In an increasingly health-conscious society, the potential benefits of whole grain products are of paramount importance to manufacturers, dieticians, and consumers alike. <i>Whole Grains and Health</i> covers all aspects of this crucial topic, presenting a data-driven study of whole grains’ functional components, associated biomarkers and overall impact upon human health. Now in its second edition, the text has been revised and expanded to include six new chapters and groundbreaking new data. This essential guide features:<ul><li>Summaries of large research projects on the health effects of whole grain in Europe and the US</li><li>New data on the associations between whole grain consumption and risk of developing chronic diseases </li><li>Discussions of metabolomics and their use in addressing health effects and finding new biomarkers of both dietary exposure and health effects related to the diet </li><li>Information on the use of genomics in studies of how gene-expression profiles change in response to whole grain intake </li><li>Newly identified bioactive compounds in whole grains and whole grain fractions </li><li>The new EU regulations on health claims that affect whole grain food products </li></ul><p>Providing information that will be of interest to food scientists, healthcare specialists and food industry professionals alike, the second edition of <i>Whole Grains and Health</i> is an essential resource for anyone concerned with the impact whole grains may have upon health.

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The structure, outline and style of this book is designed to provide a comprehensive treatise on the subject covering the topic from the grains themselves, their components and distribution in different botanical fractions and products to the effect of whole grains on health and the molecular mechanisms/effects on risk factors underlying their health effects. The book also highlights the interest from the food industry and governmental and non‐governmental authorities to develop new food products rich in whole grains as well as to educate consumers about the health benefits of consuming whole grain foods (the whole grain stamp is an example of this communication to the consumer and the whole grain campaigns launched in Denmark and The Netherlands are other examples). The chapters are comprehensive in their coverage with the aim to provide founded knowledge and information for researchers, research students, authority and industry personnel that gives them a multidisciplinary understanding of this important topic.

Recent advances will to a great extent be covered by the update of book chapters of the first edition. As in the previous edition, we divide the book into sections with a slight modification of the suggested sections. More emphasis will be put on the section “whole grains, cereal fibre and chronic disease” and “grain technology and health‐related outcomes,” whereas consumer aspects are given somewhat less attention compared with the first edition. We also provide comprehensive material on the whole grain morphology constituents, fractions and technology as well as products for readers coming from the medical or public‐health sectors. The book comprises 5 sections and concluding remarks and future perspectives. In total, 23 chapters are included ( Table 1).

Table 1 Brief description of the content of the sections.

Section Content
Whole grain basics Chemical composition and morphological structure of cereal grains and cereal fractions, such as bran, aleurone, germ and the endosperm, are described in detail as this is crucial for the understanding of physiological effects related to health. Differences and similarities among cereals are emphasized here. Important whole grain products are described with emphasis on traits and features that may be of importance for human health. This section also contains a chapter on the different definitions of whole grain and whole grain products . A chapter on consumption and description of lifestyle factors associated with whole grain intake as well as on tools for objective whole grain intake estimation through dietary biomarkers bridge this section to section two.
Evidences for disease prevention The current literature on evidence for disease prevention derived from epidemiological – as well as intervention studies in humans and model – and animal studies have been reviewed and the evidence are evaluated in a systematic way focusing on the outcome of largest importance. Hard endpoints such as type 2 diabetes, CVD, cancer and mortality are at main focus in this section.
Whole grains mechanisms and effects on risk factors for chronic disease This section bridges the section on whole grain basics and the section on chronic disease by discussing mechanisms and risk factors. This section contains chapters on whole grains and appetite, glycaemia, gut function as well as a chapter on bioactive compounds and effects that may be of relevance to human health. We have also included a chapter on potential negative aspects of whole grain consumption in which risk related to heavy metals, mycotoxins, acrylamide, gluten intolerance and wheat sensitivity are described and discussed.
Searching for new molecular mechanisms underlying health benefits of whole grains In this section, the possibilities to use – OMICs to generate new hypotheses and to get better insights into new molecular mechanisms of the health effects of whole grains is presented. Metabolomics for discovery of new compounds and to monitor process changes in food products has been covered as well as its implementation in human studies to gain insights into molecular mechanisms and dissect biochemical pathways involved in processes with implication for health. Studies where changes in gene expression in response to interventions with whole grains in humans are also reviewed in a chapter.
Whole grains and the consumer Barriers for whole grain consumption are at focus here. The industry’s commitment to whole grains has also been discussed by representatives from major enterprises in Europe and the United States. The current regulation and labeling have been covered as well as a chapter describing the current situation on health claims in Europe and the United States, and strategies for consumer communication.

We hope that the current edition of Whole Grains and Health will be of use and great pleasure for researchers, research students, industry personnel, governmental authorities (nutritionists, technologists, product developers, epidemiologists, health professionals) and others with wider interest in foods and health!

Rikard Landberg and Nathalie Scheers

Gothenburg, Sweden, March 2020.

Editors’ Biographies

Editors’ Biographies

Nathalie ScheersAssociate Professor Food and Nutrition Science Department of - фото 2

Nathalie ScheersAssociate Professor Food and Nutrition Science Department of Biology and Biological Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg, Sweden

Associate Professor Nathalie Scheers and her research team conduct studies in the area of molecular nutrition with particular focus on metals, specific proteins, bioactive molecules and their physiological effects, on cellular or systemic level.

A core competence of Dr. Scheers includes human cell models. She investigates regulation of intestinal transport proteins, stress response and apoptosis, expression of cancer and inflammation markers, and bioavailability of nutrients. One of her main research topics is within iron nutrition, with a special focus on dietary iron supplements and fortificants. Together with collaborators, she is currently working on the mechanisms of cancer‐promoting and pro‐inflammatory effects of certain types of compounds used to fortify foods with iron. In addition, she is working on detoxification of gluten to celiacs. A few years back, she and her collaborators identified a food additive that can interfere with intestinal transglutaminase processing of gluten in vitro, which has the potential to render gluten non‐immunogenic to celiacs. At present, Dr. Scheers is leading a human intervention trial in healthy volunteers to verify the previous findings in vivo, with the ultimate goal to provide celiac safe gluten products. Dr. Scheers is also active in research about the fish‐protein parvalbumin beta and its association with physiological effects important for neurological diseases, toxicity of insects as human foods, and anti/pro‐inflammatory effects of marine collagen and shellfish processing waste.

Associate Professor Scheers has authored 39 scientific publications including original research, book chapters, proceedings etc. Her main publication area is within molecular iron nutrition and she has an H‐index of 10 according to Google Scholar.

Rikard LandbergProfessor Head of Division Food and Nutrition Science Department - фото 3

Rikard LandbergProfessor Head of Division Food and Nutrition Science Department of Biology and Biological Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg, Sweden Member of the Young Academy of Sweden

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