J. Anthony Fraunhofer - The ADA Practical Guide to Dental Implants

Figure 2.3Different types of implants.

Figure 2.4Modern screw‐type implant.

( Source : Courtesy of Biohorizons).

Of central importance for any metal within the oral cavity is corrosion resistance as well as mechanical strength. Consequently, the vast majority of modern dental implants are fabricated from titanium and its alloys, notably Ti‐6Al‐4V, the so‐called 6‐4 alloy, although CP (commercial purity) Titanium and alloys such as Ti‐13Cu‐4.5Ni have also been evaluated. Most implants are fabricated using powder metallurgy, typically hot isostatic pressing HIP technology.

The efficacy and rate of osseointegration of bone and implant has been enhanced by techniques such as designing the implant with a screw profile, providing a micro‐texture to the implant surface as well as coating the surface with hydroxyapatite (HA). More recently, a novel approach to dental implantology has been to coat the implant surface with a nanometer‐thick layer of protein containing a bisphosphonate drug. Animal studies indicate that the bone surrounding the implant becomes denser and stronger, ensuring a more durable implant‐tissue interface.

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