Clinical Guide to Fish Medicine

7 Chapter 7Figure A7.1 Direct microscopy of a gill clip wet mount demonstrating Ichthyo ...Figure A7.2 Postmortem distortion of trichodinids seen on direct microscopy ...Figure A7.3 Wet mount of an ulcerative skin lesion in a channel catfish ( Ict ...Figure A7.4 Wet mounts of gill clips that are well‐made with individualized ...Figure A7.5 Wet mount of a fresh gill clip (a) showing filament epithelium (...Figure A7.6 Sessile ciliates ( Ambiphrya sp., arrows) and congestion in a gil...Figure A7.7 Eosinophilic granular cells (EGCs) in a gill clip from a threadf...Figure A7.8 Eosinophilic granular cells (EGCs) in the intestinal submucosa o...Figure A7.9 A normally occurring melanophore in a fin clip from a grass carp...Figure A7.10 Eggs of the Asian tapeworm ( Schyzocotyle acheilognathi ) in feca...Figure A7.11 Eimeria southwelli oocyst, with four sporocysts each containing...Figure A7.12 Impression smear of exudate from a channel catfish ( Ictalurus p ...Figure A7.13 Cytologic artifacts include a sample that is too thick (a); poo...Figure A7.14 In contrast to Figure A7.13f, there is good morphologic detail ...Figure A7.15 Well‐executed Gram stain showing good differentiation between p...Figure A7.16 Gram‐positive staining of microsporidian spores (a) and the pol...Figure A7.17 Mycobacteria are negatively staining, rod‐shaped spaces in the ...Figure A7.18 Acid‐fast stains also highlight microsporidian spores (a), the ...Figure A7.19 Histologic section of normal, well‐fixed kidney from an electri...Figure A7.20 Common histologic artifacts can be caused by placing too thick ...Figure A7.21 A spun PCV tube should be read at the red cell and white cell i...Figure A7.22 A hemocytometer with peripheral blood from a channel catfish ( I ...Figure A7.23 Peripheral blood from a southern stingray ( Hypanus americanus ) ...Figure A7.24 Peripheral blood from a southern stingray ( Hypanus americanus ) ...Figure A7.25 Peripheral blood from a channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) s...Figure A7.26 Histologic section of cranial kidney from a brown trout ( Salmo ...Figure A7.27 Peripheral blood from a southern stingray ( Hypanus americanus ) ...Figure A7.28 Pallor and edema in channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) gills...Figure A7.29 Heavy growth of various bacterial colony types following cultur...Figure A7.30 X‐cell pseudotumor in a histologic section of skin from a slipp...Figure A7.31 Histologic sections of skin from a giant guitarfish ( Rhynchobat ...

8 Chapter 8Figure A8.1 Heavy‐duty plastic bag (a) and radiolucent tunnel (b) to protect...Figure A8.2 Dorsoventral radiograph of a thornback guitarfish ( Platyrhinoidi ...Figure A8.3 Lateral radiograph of a parrotfish ( Sparisoma sp.) showing norma...Figure A8.4 Lateral radiograph of a blue tang surgeonfish ( Acanthurus coerul ...Figure A8.5 Dorsoventral radiograph of a longspined porcupinefish ( Diodon ho ...Figure A8.6 Water droplets creating artifacts (arrows) on a radiograph of a ...Figure A8.7 Taking a radiograph of a marine angelfish ( Centropyge sp.) in wa...Figure A8.8 Standing lateral radiograph of a cownose ray ( Rhinoptera bonasus Figure A8.9 Positive contrast in the gastrointestinal tract and pouch of a m...Figure A8.10 Positive contrast injected into the dorsal fin sinus of a bonne...Figure A8.11 A sand tiger shark ( Carcharias taurus ) with kyphosis and scolio...Figure A8.12 Recirculating anesthetic bath for computed tomography of a yell...Figure A8.13 Conventional computed tomography images: transverse section sho...Figure A8.14 Conventional computed tomography image showing good soft tissue...Figure A8.15 Custom‐made plastic cover for a portable ultrasound machine.Figure A8.16 Possible arrangement of time gain compensation (TGC) to smooth ...Figure A8.17 Ultrasound image of the liver (L), and spleen (S) of a southern...Figure A8.18 Radiographs of a map puffer ( Arothron mappa ) with a lytic spina...Figure A8.19 Lateral radiograph of an Atlantic spadefish ( Chaetodipterus fab ...Figure A8.20 A queen angelfish ( Holacanthus ciliaris ) with negative buoyancy...Figure A8.21 Lateral radiograph of a striped burrfish ( Chilomycterus schoepf ...Figure A8.22 Lateral radiograph of a male lined seahorse ( Hippocampus erectu ...Figure A8.23 Lateral radiograph of horse‐eye jack ( Caranx latus ) that had in...Figure A8.24 Ultrasound image of a neon goby ( Elacatinus oceanops ) in ventro...Figure A8.25 Ultrasound of a black‐blotched stingray ( Taeniurops meyeni ) sho...Figure A8.26 Largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) with aqueous iodine int...

9 Chapter 9Figure A9.1 Skin scrape examined under direct microscopy showing the differe...Figure A9.2 Wet mount of a gill biopsy and skin scrape (a); normal gills on ...Figure A9.3 Skin scrapes examined under direct microscopy showing scales fro...Figure A9.4 Normal fin biopsy examined under direct microscopy with some air...Figure A9.5 Cavities opened in a cownose ray ( Rhinoptera bonasus ) showing on...Figure A9.6 Necropsy images with organs in situ from a clinically healthy br...Figure A9.7 Gastrointestinal tract and rectal gland (*) (a) and erosive lesi...Figure A9.8 Normal teleost heart showing the four compartments. SV: sinus ve...Figure A9.9 Gross image of wet mount samples of the spleen and liver under c...Figure A9.10 Wet mounts examined under direct microscopy: normal liver with ...Figure A9.11 Abnormalities seen on impression smears: intracellular bacteria...Figure A9.12 Normal gills from a sheepshead minnow ( Cyprinodon variegatus ) e...Figure A9.13 Normal liver from a banded killifish ( Fundulus diaphanus ) showi...Figure A9.14 Abundant lipid vacuoles in a normal liver from a horn shark ( He ...Figure A9.15 Granulomas in the liver of a rosyside dace ( Clinostomus fundulo ...Figure A9.16 Normal kidney from a three‐spot angelfish ( Apolemichthys trimac ...Figure A9.17 Anterior kidney from a glass knifefish ( Eigenmannia virescens ) ...Figure A9.18 Low (a) and high (b) magnification images of a normal Leydig or...Figure A9.19 Normal ovary from a black grouper ( Mycteroperca bonaci ) (a) and...Figure A9.20 Cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in a four‐spot flounder ( Hippogloss ...Figure A9.21 Fish parasites in histologic section. Digenes in the ganglia of...

10 Chapter 10Figure A10.1 Fish anesthesia using a syringe and red rubber catheter (a) and...Figure A10.2 Heart rate monitoring using Doppler ultrasound during anesthesi...

11 Chapter 11Figure A11.1 A plastic self‐retaining retractor in place for an exploratory ...Figure A11.2 The VITOM system (video telescopic operating microscope) positi...Figure A11.3 Ford interlocking suture pattern (a); subcuticular suture patte...Figure A11.4 Removal of a mass from a goldfish ( Carassius auratus ) (a); post...Figure A11.5 Enucleation in a channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ): periocu...Figure A11.6 Pseudobranch ablation in a squirrelfish ( Holocentrus sp.).Figure A11.7 Exploratory coeliotomy in a channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatu ...Figure A11.8 Guillotine liver biopsy in a channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctat ...Figure A11.9 Ovariectomy in a spotfin porcupinefish ( Diodon hystrix ) (a); re...Figure A11.10 Enterotomy in a channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ): a segme...Figure A11.11 A 2.7 mm telescope system: 2.7 mm 30° telescope housed within ...Figure A11.12 Handling of the 2.7 mm telescope housed within a 4.8 mm operat...Figure A11.13 Gill endoscopy in a channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ): a 2...Figure A11.14 Stomatoscopy in a channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) using ...Figure A11.15 Gastroscopy in a channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) using a...Figure A11.16 Cloacoscopy in a channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) using a...Figure A11.17 A surgical approach is made for a coelioscopy in a channel cat...Figure A11.18 Coelioscopy in a channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) using a...Figure A11.19 Coelioscopy in a channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) using a...Figure A11.20 Pneumocystoscopy in a channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) us...Figure A11.21 Biopsy sample handling: the biopsy cup is placed in a small vo...Figure A11.22 Endosurgical ovariectomy in a Gulf sturgeon ( Acipenser oxyrinc ...