Frede Blaabjerg - Smart Grid and Enabling Technologies

Figure 2.32 Maturity of selected renewable energy technologies, Adapted from [9].

Figure 2.33 Common challenges in bulk implementation of RES into the SG [9]. Reproduced with permission from ELSEVIER.

From figure 2.33two technical problems are reported:

1 Governing the energy mix and dealing with uncertainty during operational conditions.

2 Managing supply and demand during outages and abundances of energy demand.

Currently, existing power systems are not suitable for the bulk integration of the RES. Thus, it is vital to implement advanced technologies to support the stability and reliability of the power system. SG operations take advantage of information and communication technologies to add more flexibility in the energy mix deployment. The flexibility measures are classified into six categories as shown in Figure 2.34. To date, a variety of intelligent tools are proposed to support the integration of RES into the SG. Figure 2.35proposes different options according to the location where they would be implemented [63, 64].

After the explanation of the different RES, it should be considered that each source of renewable energy has its ups and downs as summarized by Table 2.3. Moreover, Table 2.4illustrates some undesirable environmental effects of RES [9].

Figure 2.34 Modern power system flexibility measures.

Figure 2.35 Overview of technical solutions for renewables integration into SG [63].

As a result of a shortage of inexhaustible resources, and environmental issues due to emissions, conventional energy production predicated upon fossil fuels are considered to be unsustainable in the long term. Therefore, numerous works are invested globally for integration of more renewable energies. RES are advanced options for electrical power generation and their chance to meet the world's energy need. This chapter presents an up‐to‐date and detailed current status and future projection of major renewable energy resources, and their benefits, growth, investment and implementation. To sum up, the deployment of renewable energy is one of the essential elements for a better reliability and resilience of the actual power grid. Moreover, the implementation of RES into SG system will aid in meeting the electrical power demands effectively.

Table 2.3 Advantages and disadvantages of different renewable energy resources. Ref Num [9]. Reproduced with permission from ELSEVIER

Table 2.4 Some negative environmental impacts of different renewable energy resources. Ref Num [9]. Reproduced with permission from ELSEVIER

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