Sustainable Practices in the Textile Industry

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and ultra-hydrophobic surfaces [2, 7].Figure 6.2 SEM images of lotus leaves [5, 9].Figure 6.3 Schematic of the connection between roughening and self-cleaning [12]...Figure 6.4 Surface tensions of solid/liquid/vapor phases in Young’s model [11].Figure 6.5 Wenzel model for static contact angle [21].Figure 6.6 The relationship between the contact angle and roughness factor [21].Figure 6.7 Wenzel model for static contact angle [5].Figure 6.8 Schematic of the spray-coating of the solution [28].Figure 6.9 Schematic of advancing and receding angles [32].Figure 6.10 Schematic representation of the goniometer [32].Figure 6.11 SEM images of hydrophobic cotton fabric [33].Figure 6.12 Schematic of cotton modification with TDI [34].Figure 6.13 SEM images of (a) cotton fiber, (b) treated with nano-silica [10].Figure 6.14 Chemical structure of hexamethyldisiloxane [29].Figure 6.15 Production of hydrophobic fabrics using middle frequency (MF) plasma...Figure 6.16 The effects of BTCA concentration on the carboxyl content [35].Figure 6.17 The effects of reaction time on the contact angle in BTCA–TBT–OA-tre...Figure 6.18 The effects of OA curing time and temperature on water contact angle...Figure 6.19 Schematic of the preparation of hydrophobic fabrics [24].Figure 6.20 The SEM images of (a) cotton fabric, (b) Fe(III)/TA-treated fabric, ...Figure 6.21 The effects of laundry cycles on contact angle [27].Figure 6.22 The effects of the citric acid concentration on contact angle [33].

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 UV-transmittance behavior of a textile material.Figure 7.2 UPF for fabrics with different density [32].Figure 7.3 Chemical arrangements of UV shields for textile supports.Figure 7.4 Synthesis of nanoparticles for UV shielded textiles.

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 How clothing blocks UV radiation [20].Figure 8.2 Radiation in contact with a textile surface reprinted from [3] under ...Figure 8.3 Interaction of radiation with fabrics of varying cover factors reprin...Figure 8.4 Typical spectrum of transmission for a titanium dioxide nanoparticle ...Figure 8.5 An ultraviolet-absorbent finish effects on absorption at different wa...Figure 8.6 TiO2 nanoparticles’ photocatalytic mechanism under the radiation of U...

9 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Flowsheet diagram for the classification of surfactants.Figure 10.2 Applications of surfactants in different industries.Figure 10.3 Pictorial representation of removal of dyes by adsorptive micellar f...

10 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Degradation of a dye by ozonation.

11 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 ROS formation during energy and electron reactions [25].Figure 12.2 Time scale of basic processes taking place in a cold atmospheric pla...Figure 12.3 Profoks/CAP remote discharge reactor.Figure 12.4 Pilot scale Profoks/CAP treatment system.Figure 12.5 Membrane [45].Figure 12.6 Appearances of raw and treated process water.

1 Chapter 2 Table 2.1. Dyeing conditions and fastness properties of wool, cotton and silk fa...

2 Chapter 4Table 4.1. Industrial applications of hydrolase enzymes [8].Table 4.2. Biotransformation reactions and application of α-amylase [3].Table 4.3. Application of cellulases in textile finishing [31].Table 4.4. Bleaching process conditions [40].

3 Chapter 5Table 5.1. Sericin content of amino acids [109, 112].

4 Chapter 6Table 6.1. Hydrophobicity of treated fabrics with plasma [30].

5 Chapter 7Table 7.1. Protection series of some polymeric supports according to ASTMD6603 a...Table 7.2. UpdatedTable with the most applied textile UV textile finishing.

6 Chapter 8Table 8.1. Range and effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) [8].Table 8.2. Common UPF ratings [21].Table 8.3. Clothing factors impact on UPF of textiles [36].Table 8.4. Porosity and maximum theoretical UPF [35].Table 8.5. Different dyes and different substrates impact on UPF [36].Table 8.6. UPF values of cotton fabric dyed with natural colorants [21].Table 8.7. UV protection factors (UPF) of undyed fabrics [21].Table 8.8. Measurements of UPF for a T-shirt made of cotton (437W) and mercerize...Table 8.9. Measurements of UPF for a T-shirt made of cotton (437W) and mercerize...Table 8.10. Measurements of UPF for a T-shirt made of cotton (437W) and merceriz...

7 Chapter 12Table 12.1. Wastewater characterization of textile wastewater before and after t...Table 12.2. Profox/CAP wastewater treatment and water recovery plant design inle...Table 12.3. Profoks/CAP wastewater treatment and water recovery facility investm...

1 Cover

2 Table of Contents

3 Title page

4 Copyright

5 Preface

6 Begin Reading

7 Index

8 Also of Interest

9 End User License Agreement

1 v

2 ii

3 iii

4 iv

5 xv

6 xvi

7 1

8 3

9 4

10 5

11 6

12 7

13 8

14 9

15 10

16 11

17 12

18 13

19 14

20 15

21 16

22 17

23 18

24 19

25 20

26 21

27 22

28 23

29 24

30 25

31 26

32 27

33 28

34 29

35 30

36 31

37 32

38 33

39 34

40 35

41 36

42 37

43 38

44 39

45 40

46 41

47 43

48 44

49 45

50 46

51 47

52 48

53 49

54 50

55 51

56 52

57 53

58 54

59 55

60 56

61 57

62 58

63 59

64 60

65 61

66 62

67 63

68 64

69 65

70 66

71 67

72 68

73 69

74 70

75 71

76 72

77 73

78 75

79 76

80 77

81 78

82 79

83 80

84 81

85 82

86 83

87 84

88 85

89 86

90 87

91 88

92 89

93 90

94 91

95 92

96 93

97 94

98 95

99 96

100 97

101 98

102 99

103 100

104 101

105 102

106 103

107 104

108 105

109 106

110 107

111 108

112 109

113 110

114 111

115 113

116 114

117 115

118 116

119 117

120 118

121 119

122 120

123 121

124 122

125 123

126 124

127 125

128 126

129 127

130 128

131 129

132 130

133 131

134 132

135 133

136 134

137 135

138 136

139 137

140 138

141 139

142 140

143 141

144 142

145 143

146 144

147 145

148 146

149 147

150 148

151 149

152 150

153 151

154 152

155 153

156 154

157 155

158 156

159 157

160 158

161 159

162 160

163 161

164 162

165 163

166 164

167 165

168 167

169 168

170 169

171 170

172 171

173 172

174 173

175 174

176 175

177 176

178 177

179 178

180 179

181 180

182 181

183 182

184 183

185 184

186 185

187 186

188 187

189 188

190 189

191 190

192 191

193 192

194 193

195 194

196 195

197 196

198 197

199 198

200 199

201 200

202 201

203 202

204 203

205 204

206 205

207 207

208 208

209 209

210 210

211 211

212 212

213 213

214 214

215 215

216 216

217 217

218 218

219 219

220 220

221 221

222 222

223 223

224 224

225 225

226 226

227 227

228 228

229 229

230 230

231 231

232 232

233 233

234 234

235 235

236 237

237 238

Читать дальше