Marcus A. Stadelmann, PhD - First Ladies For Dummies

First Ladies For Dummies®

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Library of Congress Control Number: 2021948505.

ISBN 978-1-119-82219-6 (pbk); ISBN 978-1-119-82220-2 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-119-82221-9 (ebk)

1 Cover

2 Title Page

3 Copyright

4 Introduction About This Book Conventions Used in This Book Icons Used in This Book Beyond the Book Where to Go from Here

5 Part 1: Understanding First Ladies Chapter 1: The Changing Role of First Ladies in the United States First Ladies in U.S. History The Evolution of the Position of First Lady Chapter 2: First Lady Rankings and Evaluations Evaluating the First Ladies Ranking U.S. First Ladies

6 Part 2: Setting the Precedent Chapter 3: Becoming the First First Lady Martha Dandridge Custis Washington (1731–1802) Joining Forces with George, the Love of Her Life Going First: From Lady Washington to First Lady Hosting the World in Retirement Chapter 4: Setting Precedents Abigail Smith Adams (1744–1818) Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson (1748–1782) Dolley Payne Todd Madison (1768–1849) Chapter 5: Continuing to Set an Example Elizabeth Kortright Monroe (1768–1830) Louisa Johnson Adams (1775–1852)

7 Part 3: Leading Up to a Civil War Chapter 6: Calling in a First Lady Substitute Hannah Hoes Van Buren (1783–1819) Anna Tuthill Symmes Harrison (1775–1864) Letitia Christian Tyler (1790–1842) Julia Gardiner Tyler (1820–1889) Chapter 7: Acting Like a President Sarah Childress Polk (1803–1891) Becoming a Politician-Er, Wife of One Going into Retirement Alone Chapter 8: To Be or Not to Be First Lady Margaret Smith Taylor (1788–1852) Abigail Powers Fillmore (1798–1853) Jane Means Appleton Pierce (1806–1863) Harriet Lane (1830–1903) Chapter 9: Living a Life of Tragedy Mary Todd Lincoln (1818–1882) Failing as First Lady Going On After Abraham’s Assassination

8 Part 4: The Civil War, Reconstruction, and Becoming a World Power Chapter 10: Reconstructing a Country Eliza McCardle Johnson (1810–1876) Julia Dent Grant (1826–1902) Lucy Ware Webb Hayes (1831–1889) Lucretia Rudolph Garfield (1832–1918) Chapter 11: Getting Close to the 20th Century Ellen Herndon Arthur (1837–1880) Frances Folsom Cleveland (1864–1947) Caroline Scott Harrison (1832–1892) Ida Saxton McKinley (1847–1907) Chapter 12: Becoming a World Power Edith Kermit Carow Roosevelt (1861–1948) Helen Herron Taft (1861–1943) Ellen Louise Axson Wilson (1860–1914) Edith Bolling Galt Wilson (1872–1961) Chapter 13: Changing the Roles of Women Florence Kling Harding (1860–1924) Grace Goodhue Coolidge (1879–1957) Louise Henry Hoover (1874–1944)

9 Part 5: Modern First Ladies Chapter 14: First Lady of the World Anna Eleanor Roosevelt (1884–1962) Marrying a Roosevelt and Living with a Dominant Mother-in-Law Moving in Social Circles Getting Active in Politics in the 1920s Becoming First Lady of New York Being an Activist First Lady Chapter 15: Three Cold War First Ladies Elizabeth Virginia Wallace Truman (1885–1982) Mamie Doud Eisenhower (1896–1979) Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy (1929–1994) Chapter 16: Becoming Politically Active Claudia Alta Taylor Johnson (1912–2007) Thelma Catherine Ryan Nixon (1912–1993) Elizabeth Ann Bloomer Ford (1918–2011) Chapter 17: Ending a Cold War Eleanor Rosalynn Smith Carter (1927–) Nancy Davis Reagan (1921–2016) Barbara Pierce Bush (1925–2018) Chapter 18: Almost Becoming President Hillary Rodham Clinton (1947–) Chapter 19: Using the Power of the Position Laura Welch Bush (1946–) Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama (1964–) Chapter 20: The Model and the Educator Melania Knauss Trump (1970–) Jill Tracy Jacobs Biden (1951–)

10 Part 6: The Part of Tens Chapter 21: The Ten Most Influential First Ladies Eleanor Roosevelt Abigail Adams Dolley Madison Hillary Clinton Betty Ford Claudia “Lady Bird” Johnson Sarah Polk Rosalynn Carter Harriet Lane Michelle Obama Chapter 22: The Ten Least-Known Facts about U.S. First Ladies Dolley Madison: Dining and Dashing Julia Grant: Using Foresight Caroline Harrison: Leaving the Light On Edith Roosevelt: Playing I Spy Edith Wilson: Wielding a Famous Relative Lou Hoover: Dodging Bullets Mamie Eisenhower: Working from Bed Jacqueline Kennedy: Upsetting the Public Lady Bird Johnson: Not Letting Anything Stop Her Barbara Bush: Taking Chances