The Night of Broken Glass

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2 Endorsement Praise for The Night of Broken Glass ‘The testimonies about the pogrom of November 9 and 10, 1938 and its sequels, assembled in this volume, describe what the authors deemed to be the height of Nazi barbarism. In reality, these events were but the faintest of preludes to what was about to happen to the Jews in Germany and in occupied Europe. Nonetheless, these reports carry a poignancy of their own that overwhelmingly evokes the suffocating and terror filled atmosphere of Jewish everyday existence in the Reich during those November days and the immediate pre-war months.’ Saul Friedlander, Pulitzer Prize winner and author of The Years of Extermination: Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939-1945 ‘This riveting book prints a collection of 21 eyewitness accounts by German Jews of the terrible night of 9 November 1938, when, on the orders of Adolf Hitler and his propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels, bands of stormtroopers all over Germany and Austria burned down more than 1,000 synagogues and smashed up some 7,500 Jewishowned shops. The value of these testimonies lies above all in their detail and immediacy. Mostly they confirm the picture we already have from other sources, though few are as vivid as these.’ The Guardian ‘An exceptional array of eyewitness accounts ... this fascinating collection honours the Holocaust’s victims, as well as the sociologist who preserved their memories.’ Times Literary Supplement ‘This selection of poignant eyewitness accounts of Kristallnacht, originally collected by the Harvard sociologist Edward Hartshorne in 1939 and subsequently forgotten, provide a unique and harrowing insight into the terrible events of the night of 9 November 1938.’ The International History Review ‘Taken together, these survivors’ voices bring the focus back onto what is essential: human lives, their preservation and loss.’ Forward Magazine ‘heartrending testimony of Nazi racial hatred.’ Tribune

3 Title Page THE NIGHT OF BROKEN GLASS Eyewitness Accounts of Kristallnacht Edited by Uta Gerhardt and Thomas Karlauf Translated by Robert Simmons and Nick Somers polity

4 Copyright First published in German as Nie mehr zurück in dieses Land © Ullstein Buchverlage GmbH, Berlin. Published in 2009 by Propyläen Verlag This English edition © Polity Press, 2012 This paperback edition published by Polity Press, 2021 The translation of this work was funded by Geisteswissenschaften International – Translation Funding for Humanities and Social Sciences from Germany, a joint initiative of the Fritz Thyssen Foundation, the German Federal Foreign Office, the collecting society VG WORT and the Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels (German Publishers & Booksellers Association). Polity Press 65 Bridge Street Cambridge CB2 1UR, UK Polity Press 350 Main Street Malden, MA 02148, USA All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. ISBN-13: 978-1-5095-5260-3 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. The publisher has used its best endeavours to ensure that the URLs for external websites referred to in this book are correct and active at the time of going to press. However, the publisher has no responsibility for the websites and can make no guarantee that a site will remain live or that the content is or will remain appropriate. Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked the publisher will be pleased to include any necessary credits in any subsequent reprint or edition. For further information on Polity, visit our website: www.politybooks.com

5 Editorial Note and Acknowledgements

6 Foreword

7 Introduction: ‘Thus Ended My Life in Germany’ 9 November 1938 Notes

8 Part I The Terror Hugo Moses New York, October 1939 Notes Siegfried Merecki Notes Rudolf Bing Notes Toni Lessler Notes Sofoni Herz 10 November!!! The following days of protective custody We move again! Notes ‘Aralk’ Marie Kahle Notes

9 Part II In The Camps Karl E. Schwabe Notes Gertrud Wickerhauser Lederer Notes Karl Rosenthal Notes Georg Abraham Notes Hertha Nathorff 10 November 1938 11 November 1938 12 November 1938 13 November 1938 14 November 1938 16 November 1938 Monday, 14 November 1938 17 November 1938 20 November 1938 24 November 1938 30 November 1938 2 December 1938 3 December 1938 4 December 1938 5 December 1938 8 December 1938 12 December 1938 15 December 1938 16 December 1938 17 December 1938 20 December 1938 24 December 1938 New Year’s Eve 1938 Notes Carl Hecht Notes Ernst Bellak Notes

10 Part III Before Emigration Martin Freudenheim Alice Bärwald Siegfried Wolff 9 November 1938 Notes Margarete Neff Notes Fritz Rodeck Vienna, 10 November 1938 Mass arrests Burning synagogues Innsbruck, 10 November … and the Aryans? ‘Atonement measures’ The Jewish situation at the beginning of 1939 Notes Fritz Goldberg Notes Harry Kaufman Notes

11 Afterword The sociologist Edward Y. Hartshorne and the Harvard Project The context of the prize competition ‘Nazi Madness’ – The book project Re-education Notes

12 Bibliography

13 End User License Agreement

1 Cover

2 Table of Contents

3 Endorsement Page

4 Title Page THE NIGHT OF BROKEN GLASS Eyewitness Accounts of Kristallnacht Edited by Uta Gerhardt and Thomas Karlauf Translated by Robert Simmons and Nick Somers polity

5 Copyright

6 Editorial Note and Acknowledgements

7 Foreword

8 Introduction: ‘Thus Ended My Life in Germany’

9 Begin Reading

10 Afterword

11 Bibliography

12 End User License Agreement

1 Introduction Figure 1:Prize advertisement Figure 2:Competition guidelines

2 Afterword Figure 3:The caption to Diagram B in Hartshorne’s article on Nazi propaganda shows how co… Figure 4:The table of contents and outline of Nazi Madness , the book that Hartshorne was …

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