Ghassem Ansari - Atlas of Cone Beam Computed Tomography

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Wharton duct sialolithiasis. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) axial...Figure 7.2 Multiple sialoliths. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) axial MIP, an...Figure 7.3 Small sialolithiasis in a seven‐year‐old child – a rare condition...Figure 7.4 Calcified submandibular lymph node. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c...Figure 7.5 Multiple bilateral small submandibular lymph nodes. (a) Coronal, ...Figure 7.6 Calcified lymph node between the retropharyngeal space and the pr...Figure 7.7 Multiple bilateral tonsiloliths. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) a...Figure 7.8 Tonsilolith. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) axial MIP, and (d) 3D...Figure 7.9 Pheloboliths. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) axial MIP, and (d) 3...Figure 7.10 Facial artery calcification. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) axia...Figure 7.11 Carotid artery calcification (atherosclerosis). (a) Coronal, (b)...Figure 7.12 Carotid artery calcification (calcified atherosclerotic plaque)....Figure 7.13 Calcification of the thyroid cartilage. (a) Coronal, (b) sagitta...Figure 7.14 Stylohyoid ligament ossification. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c)...Figure 7.15 Osteoma cutis. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) axial MIP, and (d)...Figure 7.16 Deeply positioned osteoma cutis. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) ...Figure 7.17 Multiple linear osteoma cutis. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) ax...Figure 7.18 Calcification of sebaceous cyst. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) ...Figure 7.19 Calcification in brain. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) axial MIP...Figure 7.20 Calcification in external ear. (a) 3D MIP, (b) 3D surface render...

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Gunshot. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) axial, and (d) 3D surface...Figure 8.2 Gunshot. (a) 3D surface rendering, (b) coronal, and (c) cropped p...Figure 8.3 Gunshot. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) axial, and (d) maximum in...Figure 8.4 Gunshot. (a) Sagittal, (b) coronal, and (d) axial CBCT images of ...Figure 8.5 Gunshot. (a,c) Lateral and (b) frontal MIP and (d–f) 3D surface r...Figure 8.6 Gunshot. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) axial MIP, and (d) 3D sur...Figure 8.7 Gunshot. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, and (c) 3D reconstruction CBC...Figure 8.8 Gunshot. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) axial, and (d) MIP recons...Figure 8.9 Gunshot. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) axial, and (d) 3D surface...Figure 8.10 Gunshot. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) axial, and (d) 3D surfac...Figure 8.11 Gunshot. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) 3D surface rendering, an...Figure 8.12 History of trauma to the mandible, surgical reconstruction, and ...Figure 8.13 Fractured bur during mandibular third molar extraction. (a) Axia...Figure 8.14 Chewing gum. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) axial, and (d) 3D su...Figure 8.15 Chewing gum. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) axial, and (d) 3D su...Figure 8.16 Glass. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) axial, and (d) 3D surface ...Figure 8.17 Orbital prosthesis. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) axial, and (d...Figure 8.18 Lipophiloic contrast medium in cerebrospinal fluid. (a) Panorami...Figure 8.19 Amalgam tattoo. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) axial, and (d) 3D...Figure 8.20 Remained amalgam filling. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) axial, ...Figure 8.21 Remained amalgam filling. (a,d) 3D surface rendering, (b) sagitt...Figure 8.22 Remained calcium hydroxide filling material. (a) Coronal, (b) sa...Figure 8.23 Foreign body in orbit. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) axial, and...Figure 8.24 Radiopaque eyeliner. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) axial MIP, a...Figure 8.25 Fish bone in throat. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) axial, and (...Figure 8.26 Foreign body in cyst. (a) 3D surface rendering, (b) cross‐sectio...Figure 8.27 Remained amalgam filling. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) axial, ...Figure 8.28 Foreign body in nose. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) axial, and ...Figure 8.29 Overfilling gutta‐percha. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) axial, ...Figure 8.30 Sealer puff. (a) Axial, (b) cross‐sectional, and (c) panoramic r...Figure 8.31 Overfilling gutta‐percha. (a) Axial, (b) cross‐sectional, (c) pa...Figure 8.32 Remained gutta‐percha. (a) Axial, (b) cross‐sectional, (c) panor...Figure 8.33 Overfilling gutta‐percha. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) axial, ...Figure 8.34 Remained gutta‐percha. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, (c) axial, and...Figure 8.35 Broken endodontic file. (a) Cropped reformatted panoramic image ...Figure 8.36 Cheek prosthesis. 3D surface rendering and MIP (second row middl...Figure 8.37 Cheek prosthesis. (a) Axial and (b) coronal views showing bilate...Figure 8.38 Cheek prosthesis. 3D surface rendering and MIP (second row left)...Figure 8.39 Chin prosthesis. (a) 3D surface rendering of mandible and (b) sa...Figure 8.40 Broken needle due to abrupt movement of patient during administr...Figure 8.41 Broken needle following administration of inferior alveolar nerv...Figure 8.42 Broken needle remaining during the administration of inferior al...

9 Chapter 9 Figure 9.1 CBCT in assessing different root canal types. Selected sectional ...Figure 9.2 C‐shaped root canal. Serial axial CBCT image showing a C‐shaped r...Figure 9.3 Accessory canal. Selected cross‐sectional CBCT image showing a la...Figure 9.4 Buccal cortical plate perforation associated with accessory canal...Figure 9.5 Pulp chamber floor anatomy. Cropped surface rendering 3D CBCT ima...Figure 9.6 Dens invaginatus. Selected cross‐sectional CBCT image showing an ...Figure 9.7 Calcified root canal. Selected cross‐sectional CBCT image of a le...Figure 9.8 Pulp stones. Selected cross‐sectional CBCT image demonstrating a ...Figure 9.9 Pulp sclerosis. (a) Axial and (b) sagittal CBCT images showing a ...Figure 9.10 Pulp sclerosis associated with history of trauma. (a) Serial axi...Figure 9.11 Missed root canals. (a–e) Selected serial axial CBCT images in d...Figure 9.12 Missed root canal. (a) Axial, (b) cross‐sectional, (c) reformatt...Figure 9.13 Missed root canal filling. Various CBCT reconstructions indicati...Figure 9.14 Over‐extension. Selected cross‐sectional CBCT images of differen...Figure 9.15 Over‐extension of root canal fillings into the soft tissue. (a) ...Figure 9.16 Over‐extension of gutta‐percha into buccal soft tissue. (a) 3D s...Figure 9.17 Under‐extension of root canal filling. Selected cross‐sectional ...Figure 9.18 Sealer puff. Selected cross‐sectional CBCT images of different p...Figure 9.19 Massive sealer puff into the maxillary sinus. (a) Maximum intens...Figure 9.20 Sealer puff. (a) Cross‐sectional, (b) reformatted panoramic, and...Figure 9.21 Poor obturation. Sagittal CBCT images of different patients with...Figure 9.22 Poor obturation in maxillary second premolar. (a) Cross‐sectiona...Figure 9.23 Transportation. Serial axial CBCT images showing transportation ...Figure 9.24 Poor obturation. (a) Reformatted panoramic and (b) cross‐section...Figure 9.25 External root resorption in poorly obturated maxillary central i...Figure 9.26 Fractured endodontic file. (a) Cross‐sectional and (b) CBCT imag...Figure 9.27 Lateral root perforation caused by custom‐made post. Sagittal CB...Figure 9.28 Internal root resorption. Selected cross‐sectional CBCT images o...Figure 9.29 Internal root resorption. (a) Cross‐sectional and (b) serial axi...Figure 9.30 Internal root resorption extending to the outer surface of the r...Figure 9.31 External root resorption.Figure 9.32 Retrograde root canal filling and mineral trioxide aggregate (MT...Figure 9.33 Surgical scar involving inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) canal. Cro...Figure 9.34 Surgical scar. (a) Reformatted panoramic, (b) cross‐sectional, (... Figure 9.35 CBCT in assessing vertical and horizontal bone loss. (a) Vertica...Figure 9.36 Generalized periodontitis. The distance from CEJ to alveolar cre...Figure 9.37 Generalized periodontitis with vertical defects. Reformatted pan...Figure 9.38 Multiple localized vertical bone loss lesions. Note the open con...Figure 9.39 Localized vertical bone loss. Note the heavy calculus formation ...Figure 9.40 Periodontal lesions with no remaining bony wall. (a) The patient...Figure 9.41 One‐wall intra bony periodontal defect. 3D surface rendering CBC...Figure 9.42 Two‐wall intra bony periodontal defect. Serial modified sagittal...Figure 9.43 Three‐wall intra bony periodontal defect. The only missing bony ...Figure 9.44 Two intra bony periodontal defects in neighboring teeth. 3D surf...Figure 9.45 Furcation involvement. CBCT could reveal occult periodontal lesi...Figure 9.46 Impact of section thickness in detecting a periodontal lesion in...Figure 9.47 Furcation involvement in a case with root amputation. (a) Serial...Figure 9.48 Periodontal pockets caused by impacted third molars. (a) Axial a...Figure 9.49 Calculus formation in deep periodontal pocket. (a) Coronal, (b) ...Figure 9.50 Dental calculus. Reformatted panoramic view showing dental calcu... Figure 9.51 Cephalometric landmarks. (1) Glabella (G): most anterior point o...Figure 9.52 Three‐dimensional evaluation. Various CBCT viewers providing dif...Figure 9.53 Left maxillary sinus volume measurement. CBCT enables maxillary ...Figure 9.54 Reconstructing projection radiographs. Using the x‐ray 3D view o...Figure 9.55 More facial height can be scanned with the patient‘s head tilted...Figure 9.56 Orthodontic tooth movement and resultant PDL widening. (a) Recon...Figure 9.57 Ankyloses. Impacted premolar with difficulty in eruption and res...Figure 9.58 Idiopathic osteosclerosis inhibiting orthodontic tooth movement....Figure 9.59 Ankyloses of primary left first molar and alveolar bone sclerosi...Figure 9.60 Severe deep bite. Sectioned 3D CBCT images of a patient with sev...Figure 9.61 Impacted right mandibular molars. (a) Cropped panoramic and (b) ...Figure 9.62 Transposition of left canine and first premolar, absence of righ...Figure 9.63 Bilateral palatal impacted maxillary canines. Anterosuperior (le...Figure 9.64 Space loss and malpositioned impacted canines. Various 3D surfac...Figure 9.65 Mesiodense. CBCT 3D reconstruction showing the presence of a mal...Figure 9.66 Partial transposition of right canine and first premolar. (a) Ax...Figure 9.67 Palatally positioned left canine. (a) Axial, (b) reformatted pan...Figure 9.68 Patient in need of orthosurgery due to severe malocclusion. 3D C...Figure 9.69 Impacted permanent canines with orientation toward midline. Note...Figure 9.70 Bilateral impacted mandibular canine and supernumerary incisors....Figure 9.71 Manual tooth segmentation to locate and analyze anatomical struc...Figure 9.72 Left palatal cleft. (a) Reconstructed panoramic, (b) 3D transpar...Figure 9.73 Assessment of volume of palatal cleft prior to bone graft. CBCT ...Figure 9.74 Bilateral palatal cleft. (a) MIP, (b) 3D surface rendering, and ...Figure 9.75 Mid‐palatal screw. (a) Occlusal and (b) sagittal 3D surface rend...