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IEEE Press

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Piscataway, NJ 08854

IEEE Press Editorial Board

Ekram Hossain, Editor in Chief

Edited by

Zhi Hao Jiang

Southeast University

Douglas H. Werner

The Pennsylvania State University

Copyright © 2022 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.

Published simultaneously in Canada.

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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

Names: Jiang, Zhi Hao, editor. | Werner, Douglas H., 1960– editor.

Title: Electromagnetic vortices : wave phenomena and engineering applications / edited by Zhi Hao Jiang, Douglas H. Werner.

Description: Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley-IEEE Press, [2021] | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2021030660 (print) | LCCN 2021030661 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119662822 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119662969 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119662877 (epub)

Subjects: LCSH: Electromagnetic waves. | Spheromaks. | Angular momentum. | Nanostructures.

Classification: LCC QC718.5.E45 .E44 2021 (print) | LCC QC718.5.E45 (ebook) | DDC 530.14/1–dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021030660LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021030661

Cover Design: Wiley

To my wife Pingjuan Li Werner, with grateful appreciation of her loving support

“It was many and many a year ago, In a kingdom by the sea (Monterey, CA, 1988), Where I lost my heart to one you may know, By the name of Pingjuan Li…” Douglas H. Werner (Poem modified from ‘ Annabel Lee ’ by E. A. Poe)

To my parents for their eternal love and understanding and to the city of Nanjing where I always belong Zhi Hao Jiang

Zhi Hao Jiangis a professor with the State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China. He received the BS degree in radio engineering from the Southeast University, Nanjing, in 2008, and the PhD degree in electrical engineering from The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA, in 2013. From 2013 to 2016, he was a postdoctoral fellow with the Computational Electromagnetics and Antennas Research Laboratory (CEARL), Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University. His current research interests include microwave/millimeter‐wave/terahertz antennas, millimeter‐wave passive circuits, impedance surfaces, metamaterials, and analytical methods in the electromagnetics.

Douglas H Wernerholds the John L and Genevieve H McCain Chair Professorship in Electrical Engineering and is the director of the Computational Electromagnetics and Antennas Research Laboratory (CEARL), and also a faculty member of the Materials Research Institute (MRI), at The Pennsylvania State University. Prof. Werner has received numerous awards and recognitions for his work in the areas of electromagnetics and optics. He holds 20 patents, has published over 950 technical papers and proceedings articles, and is the author of 6 books and 35 book chapters. He is a fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the Institute of Engineering and Technology (IET), the Optical Society (OSA), the Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society (ACES), and the Progress in Electromagnetics Research (PIER) Electromagnetics Academy. He is also a Senior Member of the National Academy of Inventors (NAI), International Union of Radio Science (URSI), and the International Society for Optics and Photonics (SPIE).

Shah Nawaz Burokur

LEME, UPL, Univ Paris Nanterre

Ville d’Avray, France

Filippo Capolino

Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

University of California

Irvine, CA, USA