Christopher Marlowe - Tamburlaine the Great - Part 2

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Tamburlaine the Great Part 2 Christopher Marlowe – "Tamburlaine the Great (published in 1590) is a play in two parts by Christopher Marlowe. It is loosely based on the life of the Central Asian emperor, Timur (Tamerlane/Timur the Lame, d. 1405). Written in 1587 or 1588, the play is a milestone in Elizabethan public drama; it marks a turning away from the clumsy language and loose plotting of the earlier Tudor dramatists, and a new interest in fresh and vivid language, memorable action, and intellectual complexity. Along with Thomas Kyd's The Spanish Tragedy, it may be considered the first popular success of London's public stage. Marlowe, generally considered the best of that group of writers known as the University Wits, influenced playwrights well into the Jacobean period, and echoes of the bombast and ambition of Tamburlaine's language can be found in English plays all the way to the Puritan closing of the theatres in 1642. While Tamburlaine is considered inferior to the great tragedies of the late-Elizabethan and early-Jacobean period, its significance in creating a stock of themes and, especially, in demonstrating the potential of blank verse in drama, is still acknowledged. Whereas the real Timur was of Turkic-Mongolian ancestry and belonged to the nobility, for dramatic purposes Marlowe depicts him as a Scythian shepherd who rises to the rank of emperor. Part 1 opens in Persepolis. The Persian emperor, Mycetes, dispatches troops to dispose of Tamburlaine, a Scythian shepherd and, at that point, a nomadic bandit. In the same scene, Mycetes' brother Cosroe plots to overthrow Mycetes and assume the throne. The scene shifts to Scythia, where Tamburlaine is shown wooing, capturing, and winning Zenocrate, the daughter of the Egyptian king. Confronted by Mycetes' soldiers, he persuades first the soldiers and then Cosroe to join him in a fight against Mycetes. Although he promises Cosroe the Persian throne, Tamburlaine reneges on this promise and, after defeating Mycetes, takes personal control of the Persian Empire. Author Christopher Marlowe, also known as Kit Marlowe (26 February 1564 30 May 1593), was an English playwright, poet and translator of the Elizabethan era. Marlowe was the foremost Elizabethan tragedian of his day. He greatly influenced William Shakespeare, who was born in the same year as Marlowe and who rose to become the pre-eminent Elizabethan playwright after Marlowe's mysterious early death. Marlowe's plays are known for the use of blank verse and their overreaching protagonists. A warrant was issued for Marlowe's arrest on 18 May 1593. No reason was given for it, though it was thought to be connected to allegations of blasphemy a manuscript believed to have been written by Marlowe was said to contain «„vile heretical conceipts“». On 20 May, he was brought to the court to attend upon the Privy Council for questioning. There is no record of their having met that day, however, and he was commanded to attend upon them each day thereafter until «„licensed to the contrary“». Ten days later, he was stabbed to death by Ingram Frizer. Whether or not the stabbing was connected to his arrest remains unknown. Of the dramas attributed to Marlowe, Dido, Queen of Carthage is believed to have been his first. It was performed by the Children of the Chapel, a company of boy actors, between 1587 and 1593. The play was first published in 1594; the title page attributes the play to Marlowe and Thomas Nashe. Marlowe's first play performed on the regular stage in London, in 1587, was Tamburlaine the Great, about the conqueror Timur (Tamerlane), who rises from shepherd to warlord. It is among the first English plays in blank verse, and, with Thomas Kyd's The Spanish Tragedy, generally is considered the beginning of the mature phase of the Elizabethan theatre. Tamburlaine was a success, and was followed with Tamburlaine the Great, Part II. **

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THERIDAMAS. I left the confines and the bounds of Afric,

And made 60 a voyage into Europe,

Where, by the river Tyras, I subdu'd

Stoka, Podolia, and Codemia;

Then cross'd the sea and came to Oblia,

And Nigra Silva, where the devils dance,

Which, in despite of them, I set on fire.

]From thence I cross'd the gulf call'd by the name

Mare Majore of the inhabitants.

Yet shall my soldiers make no period

Until Natolia kneel before your feet.

TAMBURLAINE. Then will we triumph, banquet and carouse;

Cooks shall have pensions to provide us cates,

And glut us with the dainties of the world;

Lachryma Christi and Calabrian wines

Shall common soldiers drink in quaffing bowls,

Ay, liquid gold, when we have conquer'd him, 61 Mingled with coral and with orient 62 pearl.

Come, let us banquet and carouse the whiles.

[Exeunt.]

SCENE I.

Enter SIGISMUND, FREDERICK, and BALDWIN, with their train.

SIGISMUND. Now say, my lords of Buda and Bohemia,

What motion is it that inflames your thoughts,

And stirs your valours to such sudden arms?

FREDERICK. Your majesty remembers, I am sure,

What cruel slaughter of our Christian bloods

These heathenish Turks and pagans lately made

Betwixt the city Zula and Danubius;

How through the midst of Varna and Bulgaria,

And almost to the very walls of Rome,

They have, not long since, massacred our camp.

It resteth now, then, that your majesty

Take all advantages of time and power,

And work revenge upon these infidels.

Your highness knows, for Tamburlaine's repair,

That strikes a terror to all Turkish hearts,

Natolia hath dismiss'd the greatest part

Of all his army, pitch'd against our power

Betwixt Cutheia and Orminius' mount,

And sent them marching up to Belgasar,

Acantha, Antioch, and Caesarea,

To aid the kings of Soria 63 and Jerusalem.

Now, then, my lord, advantage take thereof, 64 And issue suddenly upon the rest;

That, in the fortune of their overthrow,

We may discourage all the pagan troop

That dare attempt to war with Christians.

SIGISMUND. But calls not, then, your grace to memory

The league we lately made with King Orcanes,

Confirm'd by oath and articles of peace,

And calling Christ for record of our truths?

This should be treachery and violence

Against the grace of our profession.

BALDWIN. No whit, my lord; for with such infidels,

In whom no faith nor true religion rests,

We are not bound to those accomplishments

The holy laws of Christendom enjoin;

But, as the faith which they profanely plight

Is not by necessary policy

To be esteem'd assurance for ourselves,

So that we vow 65 to them should not infringe

Our liberty of arms and victory.

SIGISMUND. Though I confess the oaths they undertake

Breed little strength to our security,

Yet those infirmities that thus defame

Their faiths, 66 their honours, and religion, 67 Should not give us presumption to the like.

Our faiths are sound, and must be consummate, 68 Religious, righteous, and inviolate.

FREDERICK. Assure your grace, 'tis superstition

To stand so strictly on dispensive faith;

And, should we lose the opportunity

That God hath given to venge our Christians' death,

And scourge their foul blasphemous paganism,

As fell to Saul, to Balaam, and the rest,

That would not kill and curse at God's command,

So surely will the vengeance of the Highest,

And jealous anger of his fearful arm,

Be pour'd with rigour on our sinful heads,

If we neglect this 69 offer'd victory.

SIGISMUND. Then arm, my lords, and issue suddenly,

Giving commandment to our general host,

With expedition to assail the pagan,

And take the victory our God hath given.

[Exeunt.]

SCENE II.

Enter ORCANES, GAZELLUS, and URIBASSA, with their train.

ORCANES. Gazellus, Uribassa, and the rest,

Now will we march from proud Orminius' mount

To fair Natolia, where our neighbour kings

Expect our power and our royal presence,

T' encounter with the cruel Tamburlaine,

That nigh Larissa sways a mighty host,

And with the thunder of his martial 70 tools

Makes earthquakes in the hearts of men and heaven.

GAZELLUS. And now come we to make his sinews shake

With greater power than erst his pride hath felt.

An hundred kings, by scores, will bid him arms,

And hundred thousands subjects to each score:

Which, if a shower of wounding thunderbolts

Should break out of the bowels of the clouds,

And fall as thick as hail upon our heads,

In partial aid of that proud Scythian,

Yet should our courages and steeled crests,

And numbers, more than infinite, of men,

Be able to withstand and conquer him.

URIBASSA. Methinks I see how glad the Christian king

Is made for joy of our 71 admitted truce,

That could not but before be terrified

With 72 unacquainted power of our host.

Enter a Messenger.

MESSENGER. Arm, dread sovereign, and my noble lords!

The treacherous army of the Christians,

Taking advantage of your slender power,

Comes marching on us, and determines straight

To bid us battle for our dearest lives.

ORCANES. Traitors, villains, damned Christians!

Have I not here the articles of peace

And solemn covenants we have both confirm'd,

He by his Christ, and I by Mahomet?

GAZELLUS. Hell and confusion light upon their heads,

That with such treason seek our overthrow,

And care so little for their prophet Christ!

ORCANES. Can there be such deceit in Christians,

Or treason in the fleshly heart of man,

Whose shape is figure of the highest God?

Then, if there be a Christ, as Christians say,

But in their deeds deny him for their Christ,

If he be son to everliving Jove,

And hath the power of his outstretched arm,

If he be jealous of his name and honour

As is our holy prophet Mahomet,

Take here these papers as our sacrifice

And witness of thy servant's 73 perjury!

[He tears to pieces the articles of peace.]

Open, thou shining veil of Cynthia,

And make a passage from th' empyreal heaven,

That he that sits on high and never sleeps,

Nor in one place is circumscriptible,

But every where fills every continent

With strange infusion of his sacred vigour,

May, in his endless power and purity,

Behold and venge this traitor's perjury!

Thou, Christ, that art esteem'd omnipotent,

If thou wilt prove thyself a perfect God,

Worthy the worship of all faithful hearts,

Be now reveng'd upon this traitor's soul,

And make the power I have left behind

(Too little to defend our guiltless lives)

Sufficient to discomfit 74 and confound

The trustless force of those false Christians!—

To arms, my lords! 75 on Christ still let us cry:

If there be Christ, we shall have victory.

[Exeunt.]

SCENE III.

Alarms of battle within. Enter SIGISMUND wounded.

SIGISMUND. Discomfited is all the Christian 76 host,

And God hath thunder'd vengeance from on high,

For my accurs'd and hateful perjury.

O just and dreadful punisher of sin,

Let the dishonour of the pains I feel

In this my mortal well-deserved wound

End all my penance in my sudden death!

And let this death, wherein to sin I die,

Conceive a second life in endless mercy!

[Dies.]

Enter ORCANES, GAZELLUS, URIBASSA, with others.

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