Christopher Marlowe - Tamburlaine the Great - Part 2

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Tamburlaine the Great Part 2 Christopher Marlowe – "Tamburlaine the Great (published in 1590) is a play in two parts by Christopher Marlowe. It is loosely based on the life of the Central Asian emperor, Timur (Tamerlane/Timur the Lame, d. 1405). Written in 1587 or 1588, the play is a milestone in Elizabethan public drama; it marks a turning away from the clumsy language and loose plotting of the earlier Tudor dramatists, and a new interest in fresh and vivid language, memorable action, and intellectual complexity. Along with Thomas Kyd's The Spanish Tragedy, it may be considered the first popular success of London's public stage. Marlowe, generally considered the best of that group of writers known as the University Wits, influenced playwrights well into the Jacobean period, and echoes of the bombast and ambition of Tamburlaine's language can be found in English plays all the way to the Puritan closing of the theatres in 1642. While Tamburlaine is considered inferior to the great tragedies of the late-Elizabethan and early-Jacobean period, its significance in creating a stock of themes and, especially, in demonstrating the potential of blank verse in drama, is still acknowledged. Whereas the real Timur was of Turkic-Mongolian ancestry and belonged to the nobility, for dramatic purposes Marlowe depicts him as a Scythian shepherd who rises to the rank of emperor. Part 1 opens in Persepolis. The Persian emperor, Mycetes, dispatches troops to dispose of Tamburlaine, a Scythian shepherd and, at that point, a nomadic bandit. In the same scene, Mycetes' brother Cosroe plots to overthrow Mycetes and assume the throne. The scene shifts to Scythia, where Tamburlaine is shown wooing, capturing, and winning Zenocrate, the daughter of the Egyptian king. Confronted by Mycetes' soldiers, he persuades first the soldiers and then Cosroe to join him in a fight against Mycetes. Although he promises Cosroe the Persian throne, Tamburlaine reneges on this promise and, after defeating Mycetes, takes personal control of the Persian Empire. Author Christopher Marlowe, also known as Kit Marlowe (26 February 1564 30 May 1593), was an English playwright, poet and translator of the Elizabethan era. Marlowe was the foremost Elizabethan tragedian of his day. He greatly influenced William Shakespeare, who was born in the same year as Marlowe and who rose to become the pre-eminent Elizabethan playwright after Marlowe's mysterious early death. Marlowe's plays are known for the use of blank verse and their overreaching protagonists. A warrant was issued for Marlowe's arrest on 18 May 1593. No reason was given for it, though it was thought to be connected to allegations of blasphemy a manuscript believed to have been written by Marlowe was said to contain «„vile heretical conceipts“». On 20 May, he was brought to the court to attend upon the Privy Council for questioning. There is no record of their having met that day, however, and he was commanded to attend upon them each day thereafter until «„licensed to the contrary“». Ten days later, he was stabbed to death by Ingram Frizer. Whether or not the stabbing was connected to his arrest remains unknown. Of the dramas attributed to Marlowe, Dido, Queen of Carthage is believed to have been his first. It was performed by the Children of the Chapel, a company of boy actors, between 1587 and 1593. The play was first published in 1594; the title page attributes the play to Marlowe and Thomas Nashe. Marlowe's first play performed on the regular stage in London, in 1587, was Tamburlaine the Great, about the conqueror Timur (Tamerlane), who rises from shepherd to warlord. It is among the first English plays in blank verse, and, with Thomas Kyd's The Spanish Tragedy, generally is considered the beginning of the mature phase of the Elizabethan theatre. Tamburlaine was a success, and was followed with Tamburlaine the Great, Part II. **

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Thou shalt be made a king and reign with me,

Keeping in iron cages emperors.

If thou exceed thy elder brothers' worth,

And shine in complete virtue more than they,

Thou shalt be king before them, and thy seed

Shall issue crowned from their mother's womb.

CELEBINUS. Yes, father; you shall see me, if I live,

Have under me as many kings as you,

And march with such a multitude of men

As all the world shall 38 tremble at their view.

TAMBURLAINE. These words assure me, boy, thou art my son.

When I am old and cannot manage arms,

Be thou the scourge and terror of the world.

AMYRAS. Why may not I, my lord, as well as he,

Be term'd the scourge and terror of 39 the world?

TAMBURLAINE. Be all a scourge and terror to 40 the world,

Or else you are not sons of Tamburlaine.

CALYPHAS. But, while my brothers follow arms, my lord,

Let me accompany my gracious mother:

They are enough to conquer all the world,

And you have won enough for me to keep.

TAMBURLAINE. Bastardly boy, sprung 41 from some coward's loins,

And not the issue of great Tamburlaine!

Of all the provinces I have subdu'd

Thou shalt not have a foot, unless thou bear

A mind courageous and invincible;

For he shall wear the crown of Persia

Whose head hath deepest scars, whose breast most wounds,

Which, being wroth, sends lightning from his eyes,

And in the furrows of his frowning brows

Harbours revenge, war, death, and cruelty;

For in a field, whose superficies 42 Is cover'd with a liquid purple veil,

And sprinkled with the brains of slaughter'd men,

My royal chair of state shall be advanc'd;

And he that means to place himself therein,

Must armed wade up to the chin in blood.

ZENOCRATE. My lord, such speeches to our princely sons

Dismay their minds before they come to prove

The wounding troubles angry war affords.

CELEBINUS. No, madam, these are speeches fit for us;

For, if his chair were in a sea of blood,

I would prepare a ship and sail to it,

Ere I would lose the title of a king.

AMYRAS. And I would strive to swim through 43 pools of blood,

Or make a bridge of murder'd carcasses, 44 Whose arches should be fram'd with bones of Turks,

Ere I would lose the title of a king.

TAMBURLAINE. Well, lovely boys, ye shall be emperors both,

Stretching your conquering arms from east to west:—

And, sirrah, if you mean to wear a crown,

When we 45 shall meet the Turkish deputy

And all his viceroys, snatch it from his head,

And cleave his pericranion with thy sword.

CALYPHAS. If any man will hold him, I will strike,

And cleave him to the channel 46 with my sword.

TAMBURLAINE. Hold him, and cleave him too, or I'll cleave thee;

For we will march against them presently.

Theridamas, Techelles, and Casane

Promis'd to meet me on Larissa-plains,

With hosts a-piece against this Turkish crew;

For I have sworn by sacred Mahomet

To make it parcel of my empery.

The trumpets sound; Zenocrate, they come.

Enter THERIDAMAS, and his train, with drums and trumpets.

Welcome, Theridamas, king of Argier.

THERIDAMAS. My lord, the great and mighty Tamburlaine,

Arch-monarch of the world, I offer here

My crown, myself, and all the power I have,

In all affection at thy kingly feet.

TAMBURLAINE. Thanks, good Theridamas.

THERIDAMAS. Under my colours march ten thousand Greeks,

And of Argier and Afric's frontier towns

Twice twenty thousand valiant men-at-arms;

All which have sworn to sack Natolia.

Five hundred brigandines are under sail,

Meet for your service on the sea, my lord,

That, launching from Argier to Tripoly,

Will quickly ride before Natolia,

And batter down the castles on the shore.

TAMBURLAINE. Well said, Argier! receive thy crown again.

Enter USUMCASANE and TECHELLES.

Kings of Morocco 47 and of Fez, welcome.

USUMCASANE. Magnificent and peerless Tamburlaine,

I and my neighbour king of Fez have brought,

To aid thee in this Turkish expedition,

A hundred thousand expert soldiers;

]From Azamor to Tunis near the sea

Is Barbary unpeopled for thy sake,

And all the men in armour under me,

Which with my crown I gladly offer thee.

TAMBURLAINE. Thanks, king of Morocco: take your crown again.

TECHELLES. And, mighty Tamburlaine, our earthly god,

Whose looks make this inferior world to quake,

I here present thee with the crown of Fez,

And with an host of Moors train'd to the war, 48 Whose coal-black faces make their foes retire,

And quake for fear, as if infernal 49 Jove,

Meaning to aid thee 50 in these 51 Turkish arms,

Should pierce the black circumference of hell,

With ugly Furies bearing fiery flags,

And millions of his strong 52 tormenting spirits:

]From strong Tesella unto Biledull

All Barbary is unpeopled for thy sake.

TAMBURLAINE. Thanks, king of Fez: take here thy crown again.

Your presence, loving friends and fellow-kings,

Makes me to surfeit in conceiving joy:

If all the crystal gates of Jove's high court

Were open'd wide, and I might enter in

To see the state and majesty of heaven,

It could not more delight me than your sight.

Now will we banquet on these plains a while,

And after march to Turkey with our camp,

In number more than are the drops that fall

When Boreas rents a thousand swelling clouds;

And proud Orcanes of Natolia

With all his viceroys shall be so afraid,

That, though the stones, as at Deucalion's flood,

Were turn'd to men, he should be overcome.

Such lavish will I make of Turkish blood,

That Jove shall send his winged messenger

To bid me sheathe my sword and leave the field;

The sun, unable to sustain the sight,

Shall hide his head in Thetis' watery lap,

And leave his steeds to fair Bootes' 53 charge;

For half the world shall perish in this fight.

But now, my friends, let me examine ye;

How have ye spent your absent time from me?

USUMCASANE. My lord, our men of Barbary have march'd

Four hundred miles with armour on their backs,

And lain in leaguer 54 fifteen months and more;

For, since we left you at the Soldan's court,

We have subdu'd the southern Guallatia,

And all the land unto the coast of Spain;

We kept the narrow Strait of Jubalter, 55 And made Canaria call us kings and lords:

Yet never did they recreate themselves,

Or cease one day from war and hot alarms;

And therefore let them rest a while, my lord.

TAMBURLAINE. They shall, Casane, and 'tis time, i'faith.

TECHELLES. And I have march'd along the river Nile

To Machda, where the mighty Christian priest,

Call'd John the Great, 56 sits in a milk-white robe,

Whose triple mitre I did take by force,

And made him swear obedience to my crown.

]From thence unto Cazates did I march,

Where Amazonians met me in the field,

With whom, being women, I vouchsaf'd a league,

And with my power did march to Zanzibar,

The western part of Afric, where I view'd

The Ethiopian sea, rivers and lakes,

But neither man nor child in all the land:

Therefore I took my course to Manico,

Where, 57 unresisted, I remov'd my camp;

And, by the coast of Byather, 58 at last

I came to Cubar, where the negroes dwell,

And, conquering that, made haste to Nubia.

There, having sack'd Borno, the kingly seat,

I took the king and led him bound in chains

Unto Damascus, 59 where I stay'd before.

TAMBURLAINE. Well done, Techelles!—What saith Theridamas?

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