Christopher Marlowe - Tamburlaine the Great - Part 2

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Tamburlaine the Great Part 2 Christopher Marlowe – "Tamburlaine the Great (published in 1590) is a play in two parts by Christopher Marlowe. It is loosely based on the life of the Central Asian emperor, Timur (Tamerlane/Timur the Lame, d. 1405). Written in 1587 or 1588, the play is a milestone in Elizabethan public drama; it marks a turning away from the clumsy language and loose plotting of the earlier Tudor dramatists, and a new interest in fresh and vivid language, memorable action, and intellectual complexity. Along with Thomas Kyd's The Spanish Tragedy, it may be considered the first popular success of London's public stage. Marlowe, generally considered the best of that group of writers known as the University Wits, influenced playwrights well into the Jacobean period, and echoes of the bombast and ambition of Tamburlaine's language can be found in English plays all the way to the Puritan closing of the theatres in 1642. While Tamburlaine is considered inferior to the great tragedies of the late-Elizabethan and early-Jacobean period, its significance in creating a stock of themes and, especially, in demonstrating the potential of blank verse in drama, is still acknowledged. Whereas the real Timur was of Turkic-Mongolian ancestry and belonged to the nobility, for dramatic purposes Marlowe depicts him as a Scythian shepherd who rises to the rank of emperor. Part 1 opens in Persepolis. The Persian emperor, Mycetes, dispatches troops to dispose of Tamburlaine, a Scythian shepherd and, at that point, a nomadic bandit. In the same scene, Mycetes' brother Cosroe plots to overthrow Mycetes and assume the throne. The scene shifts to Scythia, where Tamburlaine is shown wooing, capturing, and winning Zenocrate, the daughter of the Egyptian king. Confronted by Mycetes' soldiers, he persuades first the soldiers and then Cosroe to join him in a fight against Mycetes. Although he promises Cosroe the Persian throne, Tamburlaine reneges on this promise and, after defeating Mycetes, takes personal control of the Persian Empire. Author Christopher Marlowe, also known as Kit Marlowe (26 February 1564 30 May 1593), was an English playwright, poet and translator of the Elizabethan era. Marlowe was the foremost Elizabethan tragedian of his day. He greatly influenced William Shakespeare, who was born in the same year as Marlowe and who rose to become the pre-eminent Elizabethan playwright after Marlowe's mysterious early death. Marlowe's plays are known for the use of blank verse and their overreaching protagonists. A warrant was issued for Marlowe's arrest on 18 May 1593. No reason was given for it, though it was thought to be connected to allegations of blasphemy a manuscript believed to have been written by Marlowe was said to contain «„vile heretical conceipts“». On 20 May, he was brought to the court to attend upon the Privy Council for questioning. There is no record of their having met that day, however, and he was commanded to attend upon them each day thereafter until «„licensed to the contrary“». Ten days later, he was stabbed to death by Ingram Frizer. Whether or not the stabbing was connected to his arrest remains unknown. Of the dramas attributed to Marlowe, Dido, Queen of Carthage is believed to have been his first. It was performed by the Children of the Chapel, a company of boy actors, between 1587 and 1593. The play was first published in 1594; the title page attributes the play to Marlowe and Thomas Nashe. Marlowe's first play performed on the regular stage in London, in 1587, was Tamburlaine the Great, about the conqueror Timur (Tamerlane), who rises from shepherd to warlord. It is among the first English plays in blank verse, and, with Thomas Kyd's The Spanish Tragedy, generally is considered the beginning of the mature phase of the Elizabethan theatre. Tamburlaine was a success, and was followed with Tamburlaine the Great, Part II. **

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ORCANES. By sacred Mahomet, the friend of God,

Whose holy Alcoran remains with us,

Whose glorious body, when he left the world,

Clos'd in a coffin mounted up the air,

And hung on stately Mecca's temple-roof,

I swear to keep this truce inviolable!

Of whose conditions 25 and our solemn oaths,

Sign'd with our hands, each shall retain a scroll,

As memorable witness of our league.

Now, Sigismund, if any Christian king

Encroach upon the confines of thy realm,

Send word, Orcanes of Natolia

Confirm'd 26 this league beyond Danubius' stream,

And they will, trembling, sound a quick retreat;

So am I fear'd among all nations.

SIGISMUND. If any heathen potentate or king

Invade Natolia, Sigismund will send

A hundred thousand horse train'd to the war,

And back'd by 27 stout lanciers of Germany,

The strength and sinews of the imperial seat.

ORCANES. I thank thee, Sigismund; but, when I war,

All Asia Minor, Africa, and Greece,

Follow my standard and my thundering drums.

Come, let us go and banquet in our tents:

I will despatch chief of my army hence

To fair Natolia and to Trebizon,

To stay my coming 'gainst proud Tamburlaine:

Friend Sigismund, and peers of Hungary,

Come, banquet and carouse with us a while,

And then depart we to our territories.

[Exeunt.]

SCENE II.

Enter CALLAPINE, and ALMEDA his keeper.

CALLAPINE. Sweet Almeda, pity the ruthful plight

Of Callapine, the son of Bajazeth,

Born to be monarch of the western world,

Yet here detain'd by cruel Tamburlaine.

ALMEDA. My lord, I pity it, and with my heart

Wish your release; but he whose wrath is death,

My sovereign lord, renowmed 28 Tamburlaine,

Forbids you further liberty than this.

CALLAPINE. Ah, were I now but half so eloquent

To paint in words what I'll perform in deeds,

I know thou wouldst depart from hence with me!

ALMEDA. Not for all Afric: therefore move me not.

CALLAPINE. Yet hear me speak, my gentle Almeda.

ALMEDA. No speech to that end, by your favour, sir.

CALLAPINE. By Cairo 29 runs—

ALMEDA. No talk of running, I tell you, sir.

CALLAPINE. A little further, gentle Almeda.

ALMEDA. Well, sir, what of this?

CALLAPINE. By Cairo runs to Alexandria-bay

Darotes' stream, 30 wherein at 31 anchor lies

A Turkish galley of my royal fleet,

Waiting my coming to the river-side,

Hoping by some means I shall be releas'd;

Which, when I come aboard, will hoist up sail,

And soon put forth into the Terrene 32 sea,

Where, 33 'twixt the isles of Cyprus and of Crete,

We quickly may in Turkish seas arrive.

Then shalt thou see a hundred kings and more,

Upon their knees, all bid me welcome home.

Amongst so many crowns of burnish'd gold,

Choose which thou wilt, all are at thy command:

A thousand galleys, mann'd with Christian slaves,

I freely give thee, which shall cut the Straits,

And bring armadoes, from 34 the coasts of Spain,

Fraughted with gold of rich America:

The Grecian virgins shall attend on thee,

Skilful in music and in amorous lays,

As fair as was Pygmalion's ivory girl

Or lovely Io metamorphosed:

With naked negroes shall thy coach be drawn,

And, as thou rid'st in triumph through the streets,

The pavement underneath thy chariot-wheels

With Turkey-carpets shall be covered,

And cloth of arras hung about the walls,

Fit objects for thy princely eye to pierce:

A hundred bassoes, cloth'd in crimson silk,

Shall ride before thee on Barbarian steeds;

And, when thou goest, a golden canopy

Enchas'd with precious stones, which shine as bright

As that fair veil that covers all the world,

When Phoebus, leaping from his hemisphere,

Descendeth downward to th' Antipodes:—

And more than this, for all I cannot tell.

ALMEDA. How far hence lies the galley, say you?

CALLAPINE. Sweet Almeda, scarce half a league from hence.

ALMEDA. But need 35 we not be spied going aboard?

CALLAPINE. Betwixt the hollow hanging of a hill,

And crooked bending of a craggy rock,

The sails wrapt up, the mast and tacklings down,

She lies so close that none can find her out.

ALMEDA. I like that well: but, tell me, my lord,

if I should let you go, would you be as good as

your word? shall I be made a king for my labour?

CALLAPINE. As I am Callapine the emperor,

And by the hand of Mahomet I swear,

Thou shalt be crown'd a king, and be my mate!

ALMEDA. Then here I swear, as I am Almeda,

Your keeper under Tamburlaine the Great,

(For that's the style and title I have yet,)

Although he sent a thousand armed men

To intercept this haughty enterprize,

Yet would I venture to conduct your grace,

And die before I brought you back again!

CALLAPINE. Thanks, gentle Almeda: then let us haste,

Lest time be past, and lingering let 36 us both.

ALMEDA. When you will, my lord: I am ready.

CALLAPINE. Even straight:—and farewell, cursed Tamburlaine!

Now go I to revenge my father's death.

[Exeunt.]

SCENE III.

Enter TAMBURLAINE, ZENOCRATE, and their three sons,

CALYPHAS, AMYRAS, and CELEBINUS, with drums and trumpets.

TAMBURLAINE. Now, bright Zenocrate, the world's fair eye,

Whose beams illuminate the lamps of heaven,

Whose cheerful looks do clear the cloudy air,

And clothe it in a crystal livery,

Now rest thee here on fair Larissa-plains,

Where Egypt and the Turkish empire part

Between thy sons, that shall be emperors,

And every one commander of a world.

ZENOCRATE. Sweet Tamburlaine, when wilt thou leave these arms,

And save thy sacred person free from scathe,

And dangerous chances of the wrathful war?

TAMBURLAINE. When heaven shall cease to move on both the poles,

And when the ground, whereon my soldiers march,

Shall rise aloft and touch the horned moon;

And not before, my sweet Zenocrate.

Sit up, and rest thee like a lovely queen.

So; now she sits in pomp and majesty,

When these, my sons, more precious in mine eyes

Than all the wealthy kingdoms I subdu'd,

Plac'd by her side, look on their mother's face.

But yet methinks their looks are amorous,

Not martial as the sons of Tamburlaine:

Water and air, being symboliz'd in one,

Argue their want of courage and of wit;

Their hair as white as milk, and soft as down,

(Which should be like the quills of porcupines,

As black as jet, and hard as iron or steel,)

Bewrays they are too dainty for the wars;

Their fingers made to quaver on a lute,

Their arms to hang about a lady's neck,

Their legs to dance and caper in the air,

Would make me think them bastards, not my sons,

But that I know they issu'd from thy womb,

That never look'd on man but Tamburlaine.

ZENOCRATE. My gracious lord, they have their mother's looks,

But, when they list, their conquering father's heart.

This lovely boy, the youngest of the three,

Not long ago bestrid a Scythian steed,

Trotting the ring, and tilting at a glove,

Which when he tainted 37 with his slender rod,

He rein'd him straight, and made him so curvet

As I cried out for fear he should have faln.

TAMBURLAINE.

Well done, my boy! thou shalt have shield and lance,

Armour of proof, horse, helm, and curtle-axe,

And I will teach thee how to charge thy foe,

And harmless run among the deadly pikes.

If thou wilt love the wars and follow me,

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