Building Information Modeling for a Smart and Sustainable Urban Space

12 5 GeoBIM: Towards a Convergence of BIM and 3D GIS 5.1. Introduction 5.2. The GeoBIM concept 5.3. Some applications of GeoBIM 5.4. BIM and GIS: similarities and differences 5.5. BIM and GIS integration 5.6. IFC and CityGML conversion 5.7. BIM georeferencing 5.8. Conclusion 5.9. References

13 6 BIM and 3D GIS Integration for Real Estate Valuation 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Real estate valuation: concepts, approaches and standards 6.3. BIM and 3D GIS for real estate valuation 6.4. BIM-3D GIS integration: a new paradigm for real estate valuation 6.5. Examples of BIM and 3D GIS simulations for real estate valuation 6.6. Conclusion 6.7. References

14 7 Semantic Segmentation of Airborne LiDAR Data for the Development of an Urban 3D Model 7.1. Introduction 7.2. From semantic segmentation to 3D modeling 7.3. Semantic segmentation by Deep Learning 7.4. Development of an urban 3D model 7.5. Conclusion 7.6. References

15 8 BIM for the Renovation of Urban Spaces 8.1. Introduction 8.2. Urban space: problems and dysfunctions 8.3. Urban renewal approaches 8.4. BIM/CIM for urban renewal 8.5. Renovation process 8.6. Conclusion 8.7. References

16 Conclusion

17 List of Authors

18 Index

19 End User License Agreement

1 Chapter 1 Figure 1.1. Collaboration of several stakeholders around a BIM model Figure 1.2. The BIM meta-concept Figure 1.3. BIM is in the lifecycle of a building. For a color version of this f... Figure 1.4. Visualization of a BIM model using augmented reality. For a color ve... Figure 1.5. The Level of Detail associated with “Mipmaps” (Clark 1976) Figure 1.6. The five levels of detail in CityGML 2.0 (OGC 2012) Figure 1.7. Representation of LoDs according to the stage of the BIM project. Fo... Figure 1.8. The four levels of maturity of collaborative modeling practices (ins...

2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1. Principle of a 3D scan by lasergrammetry Figure 2.2. Example of a 3D scene captured in an indoor environment (Cai et al. ...Figure 2.3. Characteristic line survey by total station. For a color version of ...Figure 2.4. Fusion of laser/photogrammetric data and tacheometric surveys for 3D...Figure 2.5. 3D acquisition approaches Figure 2.6. Different point cloud acquisition techniques at different scales. Fo...

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1. Processing chain from a point cloud to a 3D model. For a color versi...Figure 3.2. Consolidation and georeferencing of a point cloud. For a color versi...Figure 3.3. Pre-processing of point clouds by cleaning. For a color version of t...Figure 3.4. The principle of segmentation. For a color version of this figure, s...Figure 3.5. Segmentation approaches Figure 3.6. Ground/above ground segmentation. For a color version of this figure...Figure 3.7. Semantic segmentation/classification of a scene. For a color version...Figure 3.8. Parametric modeling of a BIM object. For a color version of this fig...Figure 3.9. Classification of a point cloud in an indoor environment. For a colo...Figure 3.10. The notion of space in IFC. For a color version of this figure, see...

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1. Relationship between OGC and other geospatial information standards ...Figure 4.2. LandInfra classes grouped into InfraGML parts (OGC 2016) . For a colo...Figure 4.3. RoadElement diagram (OGC 2016). For a color version of this figure, ...

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1. The GeoBIM concept. For a color version of this figure, see www.iste...Figure 5.2. Differences between BIM and GIS. For a color version of this figure,...Figure 5.3. Schema integration approaches Schema unification/federation approach Figure 5.4. Ontology-based approach Schema matching approach Figure 5.5. Schema matching – “Read–Write” process. For a color version of this ...Figure 5.6. Georeferencing options in IFC through “LoGeoRef” (inspired by Noardo ...

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1. BIM and 3D GIS integration for real estate valuation. For a color ve...Figure 6.2. Internal factors for assessing the value of a property. For a color ...Figure 6.3. Cost estimation from an IFC model

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1. Principle of semantic segmentation. For a color version of this figu...Figure 7.2. The process of creating a 3D urban model from LiDAR point clouds. Fo...Figure 7.3. The five levels of detail (LOD) defined by CityGML (OGC, 2012). For ...Figure 7.4. General methodology of our approach. For a color version of this fig...

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1. Diagram of the methodological approach

1 Chapter 6Table 6.1. Potential use cases for BIM and 3D GIS in real estate assessment

2 Chapter 7Table 7.1. Advantages and disadvantages of semantic segmentation techniques of L...

1 Cover

2 Table of Contents

3 Title Page

4 Copyright First published 2021 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address: ISTE Ltd 27-37 St George’s Road London SW19 4EU UK www.iste.co.uk John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA www.wiley.com © ISTE Ltd 2021 The rights of Rafika Hajji and Hassane Jarar Oulidi to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Library of Congress Control Number: 2021945741 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-78630-703-3

5 Preface

6 Acknowledgments

7 List of Acronyms

8 Introduction

9 Begin Reading

10 Conclusion

11 List of Authors

12 Index

13 End User License Agreement

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