Fractures in the Horse

24 Chapter 25Figure 25.1 A three‐day event horse that suffered a kick wound two weeks pri...Figure 25.2 Pre‐operative (a, b) and post‐operative (c, d) radiographs of a ...Figure 25.3 TB foal in dorsal recumbency prior to repairing a distal diaphys...Figure 25.4 Intra‐operative photograph of a medial approach to the radius of...Figure 25.5 Post‐operative radiograph of a diaphyseal radial fracture in a 4...Figure 25.6 Post‐operative radiograph of a 550 kg Warmblood gelding with a d...Figure 25.7 Non‐surgical management of a Salter–Harris type II fracture in a...Figure 25.8 Post‐operative radiographs of an 18‐month‐old Quarter Horse geld...Figure 25.9 Pre‐operative (a) and post‐operative (b, c) radiographs of a 400...Figure 25.10 Pre‐operative (a) and post‐operative (b) radiographs of a two‐y...

25 Chapter 26Figure 26.1 Anatomical specimen viewed from cranial (a), caudal (b), lateral...Figure 26.2 Comminuted and widely displaced fracture of the olecranon tubero...Figure 26.3 Apophyseal fractures. (a) Salter–Harris type I avulsion with pro...Figure 26.4 Variations in simple humero‐ulnar articular fractures in foals (...Figure 26.5 Variations in comminuted fractures involving the humero‐ulnar (a...Figure 26.6 Variations in simple fractures involving the radio‐ulnar articul...Figure 26.7 A simple transverse proximal fracture of the olecranon in a skel...Figure 26.8 ‘Dropped elbow’ posture adopted by a Thoroughbred yearling with ...Figure 26.9 (a) Mediolateral and (b) craniocaudal radiographs of an oblique ...Figure 26.10 Radiographic development of the ulnar apophysis in the first 18...Figure 26.11 Fracture of the anconeal process (arrows) in a comminuted Salte...Figure 26.12 Horse positioned in lateral recumbency in preparation for repai...Figure 26.13 Surgical approach to the left ulna demonstrated on a cadaver li...Figure 26.14 A gauze stent bandage sewn over the wound and secured with vert...Figure 26.15 Repair of the Salter–Harris type I fracture seen in Figure 26.3...Figure 26.16 Repair of a Salter–Harris type II fracture with a 4.5 mm narrow...Figure 26.17 Repair of the fracture seen in Figure 26.9. (a) Pre‐operative p...Figure 26.18 Repair of a simple humero‐ulnar articular fracture accompanied ...Figure 26.19 Repair of the simple humero‐ulnar articular fracture seen in Fi...Figure 26.20 Simple humero‐ulnar articular fracture in a foal. (a–c) Distrac...Figure 26.21 Fracture at the level of the radio‐ulnar articulation in a foal...Figure 26.22 (a) Simple oblique fracture at the level of the radio‐ulnar art...Figure 26.23 Repair of a simple displaced fracture at the level of the radio...Figure 26.24 Repair of the comminuted articular fracture seen in Figure 26.5...Figure 26.25 Mediolateral radiographs of a comminuted fracture. (a) There is...

26 Chapter 27Figure 27.1 (a) Caudolateral–craniomedial oblique radiograph revealing marke...Figure 27.2 (a) Caudolateral–craniomedial oblique radiograph of the left pro...Figure 27.3 Fragmentation of the caudal eminence of the greater tubercle. Di...Figure 27.4 Post‐operative medial to lateral radiograph of the case illustra...Figure 27.5 Repair of a fractured greater tubercle in a standing sedated hor...Figure 27.6 Craniomedial–caudolateral radiograph demonstrating osseous traum...Figure 27.7 (a) Scintigraphic images from investigation of acute left foreli...Figure 27.8 (a) Scintigraphic images investigating acute left forelimb lamen...Figure 27.9 Craniocaudal radiograph of a minimally displaced Salter–Harris t...Figure 27.10 Craniocaudal radiograph of a chronic Salter–Harris type III dis...Figure 27.11 A six‐month‐old Quarter Horse colt with a left humeral diaphyse...Figure 27.12 Left humeral diaphyseal fracture in a three‐month‐old Appaloosa...Figure 27.13 (a) Position of the limb and image detector for medial to later...Figure 27.14 (a) Position of image detector and photograph taken from tube p...Figure 27.15 Craniocaudal radiograph of an articular, highly comminuted, dis...Figure 27.16 Mediolateral radiograph of a seven‐month Quarter Horse gelding ...Figure 27.17 Clinical appearance of the animal in Figure 27.16. Marked varus...Figure 27.18 Post‐operative mediolateral (a) and CauPrL‐CrDiM oblique (b) ra...Figure 27.19 Immediate post‐operative mediolateral radiograph of a diaphysea...

27 Chapter 28Figure 28.1 (a) Nuclear scintigraphic images of a three‐year‐old Thoroughbre...Figure 28.2 Mediolateral radiograph of a 13‐year‐old Warmblood gelding with ...Figure 28.3 Mediolateral radiographs of a two‐year‐old Warmblood filly. (a) ...Figure 28.4 (a) Mediolateral radiograph of yearling Standardbred colt with a...Figure 28.5 (a) Mediolateral and (b) cranial 45° medial–caudolateral oblique...

28 Chapter 29Figure 29.1 Large comminuted fracture of the medial malleolus of the tibia r...Figure 29.2 A non‐articular fracture of the medial malleolus of the tibia in...Figure 29.3 Fracture of the lateral malleolus of the tibia in a four‐year‐ol...Figure 29.4 A six‐year‐old gelding with acute lameness at the end of a jump ...Figure 29.5 Fracture of the plantar distal intermediate ridge of the tibia i...Figure 29.6 Parasagittal fracture of the talus in a seven‐year‐old flat race...Figure 29.7 The horse illustrated in Figure 29.6 was managed conservatively ...Figure 29.8 A 12‐week‐old Thoroughbred foal was found in the paddock with ac...Figure 29.9 Fragmentation of the plantaromedial trochlear ridge of the talus...Figure 29.10 Four‐year‐old flat racehorse that fell while leaving a swimming...Figure 29.11 (a) LM and (b) DM‐PLO radiographs of an eight‐year‐old sports h...Figure 29.12 Fragmentation of the proximal medial eminence of the talus in a...Figure 29.13 DL‐PLO radiograph of a nine‐year‐old warmblood gelding that sus...Figure 29.14 (a) DM‐PLO radiograph of a yearling Thoroughbred filly found la...Figure 29.15 Infected fragmentation of the calcaneal apophysis in a seven‐mo...Figure 29.16 Transverse schematic illustrating areas of the sustentaculum ta...Figure 29.17 Images of a Thoroughbred yearling filly that presented with a d...Figure 29.18 An oblique fracture of the calcaneus in a three‐year‐old Thorou...Figure 29.19 A two‐year‐old Thoroughbred filly in flat race training with ac...Figure 29.20 A two‐year‐old Thoroughbred with acute onset lameness after rac...Figure 29.21 Oblique slab fracture of the central tarsal bone in a three‐yea...Figure 29.22 Comminuted slab fracture of the central tarsal bone in a two‐ye...Figure 29.23 Acute lameness with no localizing signs in a two‐year‐old Thoro...Figure 29.24 DM‐PLO radiographs demonstrating consistent dorsolateral locati...Figure 29.25 Transverse CT images demonstrating relatively consistent locati...Figure 29.26 Repair of a slab fracture of the third tarsal bone in a three‐y...Figure 29.27 Fracture of the dorsoproximal third metatarsal bone in a two‐ye...Figure 29.28 Complex fracture of the talus following a fall in a Thoroughbre...

29 Chapter 30Figure 30.1 Caudocranial radiographs of three proximal Salter–Harris type II...Figure 30.2 Radiographs of distal physeal fractures. (a, b) Salter–Harris ty...Figure 30.3 Examples of four oblique diaphyseal fractures in foals that are ...Figure 30.4 Three severely comminuted diaphyseal fractures in adult horses. ...Figure 30.5 Fractures of the tibial tuberosity have a variety of configurati...Figure 30.6 Stress fracture of the caudal distal medial cortex identified by...Figure 30.7 Caudal diaphyseal stress fracture localized by nuclear scintigra...Figure 30.8 Stress fracture of the proximolateral tibia in a three‐year‐old ...Figure 30.9 Multiple fracture lines identified in the proximal diaphysis and...Figure 30.10 Caudocranial and flexed lateromedial radiographs illustrating f...Figure 30.11 Multiplanar reconstructed slices from a standing CT scan of a d...Figure 30.12 Caudocranial radiographs of a minimally displaced proximal Salt...Figure 30.13 Minimally invasive repair of a proximal Salter–Harris type II f...Figure 30.14 (a) Moderately displaced proximal Salter–Harris type II fractur...Figure 30.15 Medial side‐by‐side DCPs used to enhance construct strength in ...Figure 30.16 Less invasive plate removal of a T‐plate. (a, b) The transverse...Figure 30.17 Repair of a complex distal physeal and epiphyseal fracture. (a,...Figure 30.18 Removal of a small displaced fragment from the tibial tuberosit...Figure 30.19 Radiographs illustrating repair of a minimally displaced fractu...Figure 30.20 Radiographs illustrating lag screw and tension band wire repair...Figure 30.21 Repair of a mid‐diaphyseal spiral oblique fracture in a foal. (...Figure 30.22 Repair of an oblique mid‐diaphyseal fracture in a foal. (a–d) I...Figure 30.23 Repair of a diaphyseal fracture in a four‐year‐old Standardbred...Figure 30.24 Arthroscopic removal of the fractured medial tibial eminence il...Figure 30.25 Radiographs of a comminuted fracture of the medial tibial emine...