Fractures in the Horse

5 Chapter 6 Figure 6.1 The process of secondary bone healing is a coordinated cascade of... Figure 6.2 Relationship of inflammatory and osteogenic cells. Figure 6.3 Conservatively managed long oblique fracture of the radius (yello... Figure 6.4 The diamond concept for fracture repair demonstrating the key ele...

6 Chapter 7 Figure 7.1 Dorsopalmar radiographs (a) at presentation with marked forelimb ... Figure 7.2 Racecourse use of screens to shield a stricken horse. Figure 7.3 (a and b) Soft tissue swelling and angular deviation associated w... Figure 7.4 Distension of the MCP joint and lateral haemorrhage associated wi... Figure 7.5 (a) Inguinal, thigh and crural swelling resulting from haemorrhag... Figure 7.6 Cervical fracture. (a) Head and neck held in extension with ventr... Figure 7.7 Digital pressure applied dorsoproximally frequently elicits a pai... Figure 7.8 Displaced dorsal plane fracture of the accessory carpal bone with... Figure 7.9 Non‐weight‐bearing lameness with rapidly developing swelling (hae... Figure 7.10 Shortened scapular length in the complete displaced/overriding f... Figure 7.11 Pelvic bones with sites of immediately adjacent arteries. Displa... Figure 7.12 Swelling (arrows) produced by haemorrhage into the gluteal muscl... Figure 7.13 (a) Displaced fracture of the right ilial wing resulting in a cr... Figure 7.14 Ultrasonographic evidence of haemorrhage (yellow arrows) adjacen... Figure 7.15 Distal forelimb Robert Jones bandage. Figure 7.16 Construction of a distal hindlimb modified Robert Jones bandage.... Figure 7.17 Modular extendible splints. Figure 7.18 Construction of a splinted Robert Jones bandage for the distal h... Figure 7.19 Distal forelimb bandage cast. Figure 7.20 Newmarket Compression Boot. Readily applied, radiolucent and rig... Figure 7.21 (a) Dorsal, (b) proprietary flexion and (c) palmar/plantar board... Figure 7.22 Use of a flexion splint to reduce and immobilize mid‐body fractu...Figure 7.23 (a and b) Post‐mortem photographs of a horse with a complete fra...Figure 7.24 Adjustable aluminium splints applied over a modified Robert Jone...Figure 7.25 Splinting for radial fractures. Stacked lateral aluminium splint...Figure 7.26 A rope or slip passed around the pastern can be used to help the...Figure 7.27 Equine ambulances with central ride partitions. (a) Swing away t...Figure 7.28 Cross‐tying a horse with a pelvic fracture. A corner location, p...

7 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 The Trauma Recon large battery‐powered drill works very well in e...Figure 8.2 The DePuy Synthes large fragment set contains all the drill bits,...Figure 8.3 DePuy Synthes large fragment set. The 5.5 mm screw rack contains ...Figure 8.4 DePuy Synthes large fragment set: LCPs, locking instruments and L...Figure 8.5 The universal drill guide: (a) in the ‘neutral’ position (spring ...Figure 8.6 A 5.0 mm drill guide threaded into a combi hole of a 5.0/4.5 mm L...Figure 8.7 The 4 N m load reduction device attached to a star drive screwdri...Figure 8.8 The tension device is hooked in the last plate hole (a) and is at...Figure 8.9 Detail image of the push–pull device.Figure 8.10 Correct use of the bending press. (a) Plate contouring should be...Figure 8.11 The new pointed reduction forceps with built‐in ratchet device a...Figure 8.12 Lag technique demonstrated on a third metacarpal bone lateral co...Figure 8.13 A plate screw inserted through a DCP. Because the outside screw ...Figure 8.14 Cancellous lag screw technique. (a) A cancellous screw of correc...Figure 8.15 A 5.0 mm locking head screw with the threads around the screw he...Figure 8.16 Removal device for stripped 3.5 mm screw heads. An intact hexago...Figure 8.17 The broken screw removal set. The major components are arranged ...Figure 8.18 Shallow broken screws can be exposed with the gouge (a) and remo...Figure 8.19 Broken screw extraction bolt. Assembly of the hollow reamer with...Figure 8.20 A 10‐hole veterinary LCP. The plate has a rounded end containing...Figure 8.21 Polyurethane specimen of an equine radius with an oblique mid‐sh...Figure 8.22 Repair of a simple oblique fracture of the third metacarpal bone...Figure 8.23 Application of two LCPs to an oblique mid‐shaft third metacarpal...Figure 8.24 A six‐hole equine T‐plate with a stacked combi hole at the dista...Figure 8.25 Front view of a right‐sided human distal femoral LCP. Three smal...Figure 8.26 An eight‐hole UniLOCK plate that was cut to size, with 2.4 mm (t...Figure 8.27 The instrument and implant set for the DHS implant system. Top: ...Figure 8.28 Two DCS plates of different lengths.Figure 8.29 DCS application to a distal radius specimen.(a) The triple reame...Figure 8.30 Application of a DCS plate to the distal radius. (a) In this exa...Figure 8.31 A nondisplaced ulna fracture in a young foal repaired with an ei...Figure 8.32 The large fragment distractor set consists of, from top to botto...Figure 8.33 The equine aiming device. (a) The modular system has different d...

8 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Pre‐operative plan for lag screw fixation of a simple sagittal fr...Figure 9.2 Planned repair of an oblique, displaced, distal diaphyseal fractu...Figure 9.3 CT evaluation of a complex fracture of the middle phalanx. Volume...Figure 9.4 Pre‐operative plan for repair of an olecranon fracture.Figure 9.5 With horses in lateral recumbency, traction equipment divides the...Figure 9.6 For complex procedures, e.g. when using axial traction, arthrosco...Figure 9.7 Open fractures. (a) Type I : a small wound of <1 cm can be identi...

9 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Horse positioned against the recovery box wall for induction of ...Figure 10.2 Horse with a condylar fracture of the left third metacarpal bone...Figure 10.3 Horses positioned in lateral recumbency: (a) the dependent thora...Figure 10.4 Horse positioned in dorsal recumbency. (a) A small mattress has ...Figure 10.5 Horse physically restrained in early recovery from general anaes...Figure 10.6 Head and tail rope recovery systems technique that can be perfor...Figure 10.7 Deflating air pillow recovery system: (a) centrally positioned h...Figure 10.8 Horse with a cast on the right thoracic limb following spiral co...Figure 10.9 The Hydro‐Pool system. (a) Horse immersed with head supported an...Figure 10.10 Horse with a shoulder fracture recovering in the Pool‐Raft syst...Figure 10.11 Horse transported in a sling from a Pool‐Raft system to the rec...Figure 10.12 Horses recovered from GA showing neuropraxia of the left thorac...Figure 10.13 Horse with severe nasal oedema and upper airway obstruction rec...Figure 10.14 Supraglottic airway device for foals.

10 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 (a) Intra‐operative photograph of a displaced humerus fracture. ...Figure 11.2 (a) Lateromedial radiograph and (b)–(d) multiplanar reconstructi...Figure 11.3 (a) Intra‐operative lateromedial radiograph after fixation of a ...Figure 11.4 (a) Intra‐operative radiographs during fixation of a moderately ...Figure 11.5 Post‐operative craniocaudal radiograph after fixation of a tibia...Figure 11.6 Post‐operative dorsopalmar radiograph after double plate fixatio...Figure 11.7 Post‐operative radiograph after fixation of a type IV ulnar frac...Figure 11.8 The extraction bolt is a conical, hollow instrument to remove sc...Figure 11.9 Implant removal when the hexagonal socket of the screw head has ...Figure 11.10 Post‐operative caudocranial radiograph after fixation of a tibi...

11 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Four examples of fracture types that are amenable to standing re...Figure 12.2 Set‐up for standing repair of a proximal phalangeal fracture. Tr...Figure 12.3 Placement of marker staples: (a) careful palpation of landmarks;...Figure 12.4 Limbs positioned and prepared for surgery.Figure 12.5 (a) Skin staples placed in preparation for lateral to medial rep...Figure 12.6 Accurate screw placement for repair of a short lateral condylar ...Figure 12.7 Illustration of the surgical procedure: (a) drilling a 4.5 mm gl...Figure 12.8 Short incomplete P1 fracture repair.