Geophysical Monitoring for Geologic Carbon Storage

22 Chapter 23Figure 23.1 Annual CO 2emission per capita in 2010 (data after Worldbank) an...Figure 23.2 Location and structural model of the Ketzin site. (a) location o...Figure 23.3 Drilled lithological profiles of the Stuttgart Formation as reco...Figure 23.4 Normalized logging data for the injection well Ktzi201 showing (...Figure 23.5 Reservoir pressure (top) and temperature (middle) evolution and ...Figure 23.6 Thermodynamic path of the CO 2during normal operation with event...Figure 23.7 (a) Electrical resistivity of two Ketzin reservoir sandstone sam...Figure 23.8 Time line of geophysical survey activities at the Ketzin site (d...Figure 23.9 Overview of investigations relevant for the geophysical monitori...Figure 23.10 (a) Outlines of the baseline (black), the first repeat 3D (red)...Figure 23.11 Cross‐section of the stacked and migrated subvolume of the base...Figure 23.12 Amplitude difference (baseline‐repeat) maps at the reservoir le...Figure 23.13 Acoustic impedances inverted from (a) baseline, (b) first repea...Figure 23.14 P‐wave velocities derived from impedance inversion of the 3D ba...Figure 23.15 Relative velocity changes between baseline measurements and fir...Figure 23.16 Sparse 3D seismic survey area with the system of 3D inlines and...Figure 23.17 Amplitude difference horizon at the reservoir level for (a) the...Figure 23.18 Comparison of inverted velocity change percentage for 3D seismi...Figure 23.19 Comparison of the Fresnel depth migration of offset VSP source ...Figure 23.20 (a) Velocity differences obtained by travel time inversion and ...Figure 23.21 Inverted seismic velocity differences (baseline‐repeat) between...Figure 23.22 Layout and location of the permanent geophone/hydrophone array....Figure 23.23 (a) Smoothed frequency spectrum and (b) amplitude decay curve f...Figure 23.24 Inline 1,175 of the 3D seismic data (Juhlin et al., 2007), on w...Figure 23.25 (a) Borehole casing electrically insulated with Ryt‐Wrap™ (dark...Figure 23.26 (a) Time‐lapse sequence of inverted resistivity ratios (i.e., m...Figure 23.27 (a) Series of resistivity images obtained from surface‐downhole...Figure 23.28 (a) Time‐lapse electrical resistivity anomaly and (b) time‐laps...

1 Cover Page

2 Series Page

3 Title Page

4 Copyright Page

5 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

6 PREFACE

7 Table of Contents

8 Begin Reading

9 Index

10 WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

1 ii

2 iii

3 iv

4 vii

5 viii

6 ix

7 x

8 xi

9 xii

10 1

11 2

12 3

13 4

14 5

15 6

16 7

17 9

18 11

19 12

20 13

21 14

22 15

23 16

24 17

25 18

26 19

27 20

28 21

29 22

30 23

31 24

32 25

33 26

34 27

35 28

36 29

37 30

38 31

39 32

40 33

41 34

42 35

43 36

44 37

45 38

46 39

47 41

48 43

49 44

50 45

51 46

52 47

53 48

54 49

55 50

56 51

57 52

58 53

59 54

60 55

61 56

62 57

63 58

64 59

65 60

66 61

67 62

68 63

69 64

70 65

71 66

72 67

73 68

74 69

75 70

76 71

77 73

78 74

79 75

80 76

81 77

82 78

83 79

84 80

85 81

86 82

87 83

88 84

89 85

90 86

91 87

92 88

93 89

94 90

95 91

96 92

97 93

98 94

99 95

100 96

101 97

102 98

103 99

104 100

105 101

106 102

107 103

108 104

109 105

110 106

111 107

112 108

113 109

114 110

115 111

116 112

117 113

118 114

119 115

120 116

121 117

122 118

123 119

124 120

125 121

126 122

127 123

128 125

129 126

130 127

131 128

132 129

133 130

134 131

135 132

136 133

137 134

138 135

139 136

140 137

141 138

142 139

143 140

144 141

145 142

146 143

147 144

148 145

149 146

150 147

151 148

152 149

153 150

154 151

155 152

156 153

157 154

158 155

159 156

160 157

161 158

162 159

163 160

164 161

165 162

166 163

167 164

168 165

169 167

170 168

171 169

172 170

173 171

174 172

175 173

176 174

177 175

178 176

179 177

180 178

181 179

182 180

183 181

184 182

185 183

186 184

187 185

188 186

189 187

190 188

191 189

192 190

193 191

194 192

195 193

196 194

197 195

198 196

199 197

200 198

201 199

202 200

203 201

204 202

205 203

206 204

207 205

208 206

209 207

210 208

211 209

212 211

213 213

214 214

215 215

216 216

217 217

218 218

219 219

220 220

221 221

222 222

223 223

224 224

225 225

226 226

227 227

228 228

229 229

230 230

231 231

232 232

233 233

234 234

235 235

236 236

237 237

238 238

239 239

240 240

241 241

242 242

243 243

244 244

245 245

246 246

247 247

248 248

249 249

250 250

251 251

252 252

253 253

254 255

255 256

256 257

257 258

258 259

259 260

260 261

261 262

262 263

263 264

264 265

265 266

266 267

267 268

268 269

269 270

270 271

271 273

272 274

273 275

274 276

275 277

276 278

277 279

278 280

279 281

280 282

281 283

282 284

283 285

284 286

285 287

286 288

287 289

288 290

289 291

290 292

291 293

292 294

293 295

294 296

295 297

296 298

297 299

298 300

299 301

300 303

301 304

302 305

303 306

304 307

305 308

306 309

307 310

308 311

309 312

310 313

311 314

312 315

313 316

314 317

315 318

316 319

317 320

318 321

319 323

320 324

321 325

322 326

323 327

324 328

325 329

326 330

327 331

328 332

329 333

330 334

331 335

332 336

333 337

334 338

335 339

336 340

337 341

338 343

339 344

340 345

341 346

342 347

343 348

344 349

345 350

346 351

347 352

348 353

349 354

350 355

351 356

352 357

353 358

354 359

355 360

356 361

357 362

358 363

359 364

360 365

361 366

362 367

363 368

364 369

365 370

366 371

367 372

368 373

369 374

370 375

371 376

372 377

373 378

374 379

375 380

376 381

377 383

378 384

379 385

380 386

381 387

382 388

383 389

384 390

385 391

386 392

387 393

388 394

389 395

390 396

391 397

392 398

393 399

394 400

395 401

396 402

397 403

398 404

399 405

400 406

401 407

402 408

403 409

404 410

405 411

Читать дальше