Mark Koyama - How the World Became Rich

5 Chapter 5 Figure 5.1Life expectancy around the world, 2015 Figure 5.2The Malthusian model Figure 5.3The Malthusian model: illustrating the effects of reducing the birth rate Figure 5.4Black Death mortality rates (%) in 1347–52 Figure 5.5Population and wages in England, 1209–1750 Figure 5.6Fertility and female age of marriage in England, 1590s–1830s

6 Chapter 6 Figure 6.1Countries colonized by Great Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands, … Figure 6.2Number of slaves in the transatlantic slave trade by carrier Figure 6.3Number of slaves taken in the slave trades Figure 6.4The relationship between slaves exported and economic indicators Figure 6.5Africa’s ethnic boundaries prior to colonization Figure 6.6Settler mortality, institutions, and long-run development Figure 6.7Agricultural investment in India Figure 6.8Ethnic partitioning and the “scramble for Africa” Figure 6.9The Indian railroad network, 1930 Figure 6.10Modern literacy and proximity to Jesuit missions in Argentina, Brazil, and Parag…

7 Chapter 7 Figure 7.1The steppe and state formation in China and Europe Figure 7.2Real per capita GDP, 1450–1700, select countries

8 Chapter 8 Figure 8.1GDP, GDP per capita, and population in England/Britain, 1270–1870 (1700 = 100) Figure 8.2England and its largest cities, 1520–1801 Figure 8.3The spinning jenny Figure 8.4Arkwright’s water frame Figure 8.5Crompton’s spinning mule Figure 8.6Schematic of the Newcomen steam engine Figure 8.7The Watt steam engine Figure 8.8Number of letters in Voltaire’s correspondence in the Republic of Letters…

9 Chapter 9 Figure 9.1GDP per capita and real wages in England/Great Britain, 1270–1870 (1700 = 100) Figure 9.2Fertility and mortality in England, 1541–1839 Figure 9.3Children born per woman in Western Europe and the US, 1800–2000 Figure 9.4Human capital and the demographic transition in England, 1730–1890 Figure 9.5Shares of world industrial output, 1750–1938 Figure 9.6US population and immigrant share, 1850–2010

10 Chapter 10 Figure 10.1Per capita GDP in select Asian countries, 1960–2019 Figure 10.2Percentage of Indians living in extreme poverty, 1977–2011 Figure 10.3Per capita GDP in England/Great Britain and Japan, 1280–1850 Figure 10.4Per capita GDP in South Korea and Nigeria, 1960–2019 Figure 10.5Per capita GDP in various parts of the world, 1960–2019 Figure 10.6Chinese per capita GDP, 1960–2019

1 Cover

2 Table of Contents

3 Dedication

4 Title Page

5 Copyright

6 Preface

7 Begin Reading

8 References

9 Index

10 End User License Agreement

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Mark: For Desiree.

Jared: To my father, Thom, and the memory of my mother, Linda.

Mark Koyama

Jared Rubin

polity

Copyright © Mark Koyama and Jared Rubin 2022

The right of Mark Koyama and Jared Rubin to be identified as Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

First published in 2022 by Polity Press

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All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.

ISBN-13: 978-1-5095-4024-2