Doug Lowe - Electronics All-in-One For Dummies

Electronics All-in-One For Dummies®, 3rd Edition

Published by: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, www.wiley.com

Copyright © 2022 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey

Published simultaneously in Canada

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions .

Trademarks:Wiley, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, Dummies.com, Making Everything Easier, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.

LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: THE PUBLISHER AND THE AUTHOR MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS WORK AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NO WARRANTY MAY BE CREATED OR EXTENDED BY SALES OR PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS. THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIES CONTAINED HEREIN MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR EVERY SITUATION. THIS WORK IS SOLD WITH THE UNDERSTANDING THAT THE PUBLISHER IS NOT ENGAGED IN RENDERING LEGAL, ACCOUNTING, OR OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES. IF PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE IS REQUIRED, THE SERVICES OF A COMPETENT PROFESSIONAL PERSON SHOULD BE SOUGHT. NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR THE AUTHOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES ARISING HEREFROM. THE FACT THAT AN ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE IS REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK AS A CITATION AND/OR A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FURTHER INFORMATION DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE AUTHOR OR THE PUBLISHER ENDORSES THE INFORMATION THE ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE MAY PROVIDE OR RECOMMENDATIONS IT MAY MAKE. FURTHER, READERS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT INTERNET WEBSITES LISTED IN THIS WORK MAY HAVE CHANGED OR DISAPPEARED BETWEEN WHEN THIS WORK WAS WRITTEN AND WHEN IT IS READ.

For general information on our other products and services, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 877-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993, or fax 317-572-4002. For technical support, please visit https://hub.wiley.com/community/support/dummies .

Wiley publishes in a variety of print and electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some material included with standard print versions of this book may not be included in e-books or in print-on-demand. If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http://booksupport.wiley.com . For more information about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com .

Library of Congress Control Number: 2022932613

ISBN 978-1-119-82211-0 (pbk); ISBN 978-1-119-82212-7 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-119-82213-4 (ebk)

1 Cover

2 Title Page

3 Copyright

4 Introduction About This Book Foolish Assumptions Icons Used in This Book Beyond the Book Where to Go from Here

5 Book 1: Getting Started with Electronics Chapter 1: Welcome to Electronics What Is Electricity? But Really, What Is Electricity? What Is Electronics? What Can You Do with Electronics? Looking inside Electronic Devices Chapter 2: Understanding Electricity Pondering the Wonder of Electricity Looking for Electricity Peering Inside Atoms Examining the Elements Minding Your Charges Conductors and Insulators Understanding Current Understanding Voltage Comparing Direct and Alternating Current Understanding Power Chapter 3: Creating Your Mad-Scientist Lab Setting Up Your Mad-Scientist Lab Equipping Your Mad-Scientist Lab Stocking up on Basic Electronic Components One Last Thing Chapter 4: Staying Safe Facing the Realities of Electrical Dangers Other Ways to Stay Safe Keeping Safety Equipment on Hand Protecting Your Stuff from Static Discharges Chapter 5: Reading Schematic Diagrams Introducing a Simple Schematic Diagram Laying Out a Circuit To Connect or Not to Connect Looking at Commonly Used Symbols Simplifying Ground and Power Connections Labeling Components in a Schematic Diagram Representing Integrated Circuits in a Schematic Diagram Chapter 6: Building Projects Looking at the Process of Building an Electronic Project Envisioning Your Project Designing Your Circuit Prototyping Your Circuit on a Solderless Breadboard Constructing Your Circuit on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Finding an Enclosure for Your Circuit Chapter 7: The Secrets of Successful Soldering Understanding How Solder Works Procuring What You Need to Solder Preparing to Solder Soldering a Solid Solder Joint Checking Your Work Desoldering Chapter 8: Measuring Circuits with a Multimeter Looking at Multimeters What a Multimeter Measures Using Your Multimeter Chapter 9: Catching Waves with an Oscilloscope Understanding Oscilloscopes Examining Waveforms Calibrating an Oscilloscope Displaying Signals

6 Book 2: Working with Basic Electronic Components Chapter 1: Working with Basic Circuits What Is a Circuit? Using Batteries Building a Lamp Circuit Project 1: A Simple Lamp Circuit Working with Switches Building a Switched Lamp Circuit Project 2: A Lamp Controlled by a Switch Understand Series and Parallel Circuits Building a Series Lamp Circuit Project 3: A Series Lamp Circuit Building a Parallel Lamp Circuit Project 4: A Parallel Lamp Circuit Using Switches in Series and Parallel Building a Series Switch Circuit Project 5: A Series Switch Circuit Building a Parallel Switch Circuit Project 6: A Parallel Switch Circuit Switching between Two Lamps Project 7: Controlling Two Lamps with One Switch Building a Three-Way Lamp Switch Project 8: A Three-Way Light Switch Reversing Polarity Project 9: A Polarity-Reversing Circuit Chapter 2: Working with Resistors What Is Resistance? Measuring Resistance Looking at Ohm’s Law Introducing Resistors Reading Resistor Color Codes Understanding Resistor Power Ratings Limiting Current with a Resistor Project 10: Using a Current-Limiting Resistor Combining Resistors Project 11: Resistors in Series and Parallel Dividing Voltage Dividing Voltage with Resistors Project 12: A Voltage Divider Circuit Varying Resistance with a Potentiometer Chapter 3: Working with Capacitors What Is a Capacitor? Counting Capacitance Reading Capacitor Values The Many Sizes and Shapes of Capacitors Calculating Time Constants for Resistor/Capacitor Networks Combining Capacitors Putting Capacitors to Work Charging and Discharging a Capacitor Project 13: Charging and Discharging a Capacitor Blocking DC while Passing AC Project 14: Blocking Direct Current Chapter 4: Working with Inductors What Is Magnetism? Examining Electromagnets Inducing Current Calculating RL Time Constants Calculating Inductive Reactance Combining Inductors Putting Inductors to Work Chapter 5: Working with Diodes and LEDs What Is a Semiconductor? Introducing Diodes The Many Types of Diodes Using a Diode to Block Reverse Polarity Project 15: Blocking Reverse Polarity Putting Rectifiers to Work Building Rectifier Circuits Project 16: Rectifier Circuits Introducing Light Emitting Diodes Using LEDs to Detect Polarity Project 17: An LED Polarity Detector Chapter 6: Working with Transistors What’s the Big Deal about Transistors? Amplifying with a Transistor Using a Transistor as a Switch An LED Driver Circuit Project 18: A Transistor LED Driver Looking at a Simple NOT Gate Circuit Building a NOT Gate Project 19: A NOT Gate Oscillating with a Transistor Building an LED Flasher Project 20: An LED Flasher Wrapping Up Our Exploration of Discrete Components