Manuel Pastor - Computational Geomechanics

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Sections through model KVV03 showing dimensions and transducer lo...Figure 7.2 Finite element idealisation.Figure 7.3 (a) Comparison with centrifuge results (top) input motion (bottom...Figure 7.4 Numerical results of excess Pore Pressure at Point I (PPT2628) us...Figure 7.5 Centrifuge model configurations for Class A predictions – VELACS ...Figure 7.6 VELACS Centrifuge model No. 1: (a) instrumentation, finite elemen...Figure 7.7 VELACS Centrifuge model No. 3: (a) instrumentation, finite elemen...Figure 7.8 VELACS Centrifuge model No. 11: (a) instrumentation, finite eleme...Figure 7.9 (a) Schematic model configuration of test MMD1 (Dewooklar et al 2...Figure 7.10 (a) Static deflection of the wall (b) total lateral earth pressu...Figure 7.11 Comparison with centrifuge test MMD1 (Dewooklar et al 2009) (a) ...Figure 7.12 Comparison with centrifuge test MMD1 (Dewooklar et al 2009) (a) ...

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Comparison of the numerical solutions for water pressure (two‐pha...Figure 8.2 Comparison of the two‐phase flow solutions with switching at p c=...Figure 8.3 Comparison of two‐phase flow solutions with switching at p c= 2 k...Figure 8.4 Comparison of the two‐phase flow solution with switching at p c= ...Figure 8.5 Comparison of the gas pressure profiles (the two‐phase flow solut...Figure 8.6 Profiles of vertical displacement (a), water pressure (b), air pr...Figure 8.7 Profile of saturation of air storage modeling in an aquifer with ...Figure 8.8 Vertical settlement versus load level in one‐dimensional elastic ...Figure 8.9 Vertical settlement versus normalized time in the one‐dimensional...Figure 8.10 Vertical settlement vs. normalized time in the one‐dimensional e...Figure 8.11 For the model drawn, vertical settlement, normalized with respec...Figure 8.12 Saturation and relative permeability vs. hydraulic head.Figure 8.13 Water pressure versus time, normalized with respect to applied l...Figure 8.14 (a) Model description and normalized settlement of the top node ...Figure 8.15 Deformed mesh for flexible footing, the fully saturated case: th...Figure 8.16 Deformed mesh for rigid footing, the fully saturated case: the c...Figure 8.17 Deformed mesh for rigid footing, initial partial saturation of 9...Figure 8.18 Pore pressure versus time in the generation phase of the pore pr...Figure 8.19 Horizontal displacements versus time at points A and D for both ...Figure 8.20 Pore pressure versus time in the dissipation phase for the given...Figure 8.21 Vertical displacement versus time in the consolidation phase at ...Figure 8.22 Final pressure distribution over the deformed mesh.Figure 8.23 Saturation distribution over the deformed configuration of the a...Figure 8.24 Vertical (v) and horizontal (h) displacements versus time during...Figure 8.25 Results from the test of a saturated sand column subjected to a ...Figure 8.26 Results from the test of a saturated sand column subjected to a ...Figure 8.27 Results from the test of a saturated sand column subjected to a ...Figure 8.28 3‐D rendering of the subsidence above and around the reservoir R...Figure 8.29 Top: – stress path in the suction – mean effective stress (Equat...Figure 8.30 Top – stress path in the suction‐mean effective stress plane for...Figure 8.31 Inverse subsidence bowl for the recovery phase obtained by numer...Figure 8.32 Vertical subsidence simulated along the reservoir diameter for d...Figure 8.33 Rainfall recorded at the toe of Pizzo d’Alvano massif.Figure 8.34 Geometric and stratigraphic section.Figure 8.35 Capillary pressure–water saturation relationship and relative pe...Figure 8.36 (a) F.E. mesh (2D – plain strain, 8 node element, 1565 nodes, 48...Figure 8.37 Displacement contours at the end of 6 May (lower part of the slo...Figure 8.38 Displacement norm time history at the toe.Figure 8.39 Equivalent plastic strain at the end of 6 May (lower part of the...Figure 8.40 Saturation at the end of 6 May (lower part of the slope).Figure 8.41 Equivalent volumetric strain at the end of 6 May (lower part of ...Figure 8.42 Equivalent plastic strain history of the toe.Figure 8.43 Water pressure time history at the toe.Figure 8.44 Mean effective stress at the toe.Figure 8.45 Mean shear stress at the toe.Figure 8.46 Negative values of the second‐order work contours in terms of ef...

9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Obtaining input motion for the structure using the equivalent lin...Figure 9.2 Modeling of soil behavior in compliance with strain‐dependent def...Figure 9.3 Example of liquefaction curve.Figure 9.4 Equivalent shear stiffness G eqand damping ratio h eq.Figure 9.5 Flow diagram of the equivalent linear analysis.Figure 9.6 Evaluation of the additive hysteresis damping ratio.Figure 9.7 Dynamic characteristics of deformationFigure 9.8 Comparison with resonance curve of the equivalent linear and nonl...Figure 9.9 Time history of the input wave. Earthquake record El Centro 1940 ...Figure 9.10 Comparison of stress–strain relationship of ELM and nonlinear an...Figure 9.11 Comparison of acceleration of ELM and nonlinear analysis under t...Figure 9.12 Concept of CWEL.Figure 9.13 Excess pore pressure ratio r uagainst damage parameter D (a) In ...Figure 9.14 Schematic flow to calculate stiffness under liquefying process....Figure 9.15 Liquefaction strength of sand.Figure 9.16 Secant shear modulus for soil layers.(a) Shear modulus of st...Figure 9.17 Recorded earthquake at Port Island −83.8 m.Figure 9.18 Acceleration at the ground surface.Figure 9.19 Orbit of an observed earthquake record.Figure 9.20 Acceleration of NS, EW, and principal direction.Figure 9.21 Analytical model.Figure 9.22 Response acceleration of NS direction.Figure 9.23 Excess pore pressure ratio (NS).Figure 9.24 Excess pore pressure ratio (EW).Figure 9.25 Excess pore pressure ratio (NS + EW + UD).Figure 9.26 Excess pore pressure ratio (principal direction).Figure 9.27 Maximum response acceleration (a) Horizontal component (b) Verti...Figure 9.28 Profile of maximum response acceleration.Figure 9.29 Time history of pore pressure ratio.Figure 9.30 Liquefaction experiment by blast vibration in a coal mine.Figure 9.31 Three‐dimensional FEA model.Figure 9.32 Stress path on Pi plane.Figure 9.33 Diagram obtained by cyclic shear test and liquefaction test....Figure 9.34 Input motion.Figure 9.35 Excess pore water pressure at GL−1.4 m.Figure 9.36 Acceleration on the surface of the backfill.Figure 9.37 Acceleration at the Base slab.Figure 9.38 Curvature at the pile head.Figure 9.39 Failure and reconstruction of original conditions of the Lower S...Figure 9.40 Idealization of San Fernando dam for analysis: (a) material zone...Figure 9.41 Initial steady‐state solution: (a) pressure (kPa); and (b) satur...Figure 9.42 Deformed shapes of the dam at various times: (i) 15 s (end of ea...Figure 9.43 Horizontal (left) and vertical (right) displacements: (a) at the...Figure 9.44 Excess pore pressure at points (a) to (h) (see Figure 9.40a)Figure 9.45 Results of analysis with increased permeabilities: (a) deformed ...Figure 9.46 Results of analysis with softer materials, showing deformed shap...

10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Sketch of the reference axes and main magnitudesFigure 10.2 Definition of auxiliary variables h sand h wFigure 10.3 Curvature approximation and the values of E, F, G, L, M , and N a...Figure 10.4 Nodes and numerical integration in an SPH meshFigure 10.5 SPH nodes with FD meshes at solid nodes.Figure 10.6 Injection strategy.Figure 10.7 Deformation of a soil column.Figure 10.8 General view of Thurwieser rock avalanche. Figure 10.9 Thurwieser avalanche after 80 seconds with friction angle 26 : c...Figure 10.10 Shaded relief map of Popocatépetl volcano and surrounding areas...Figure 10.11 Initial conditionsFigure 10.12 Propagation of the lahar along Huilouac gorgeFigure 10.13 Propagation of the 2001 laharFigure 10.14 The aerial view of the debris flow event after the landslide in...Figure 10.15 Results sequence of the debris flow simulation at different pos...Figure 10.16 Computed velocities at times (a) 4s, (b) 13s and (c) 23s.Figure 10.17 Final erosion depths at time 40secondFigure 10.18 Comparison between observed and computed frontal velocities....