Dante Alighieri - The Divine Comedy

Theft, falsehood, simony, all who seduce

To lust, or set their honesty at pawn,

With such vile scum as these. The other way

Forgets both Nature's general love, and that

Which thereto added afterwards gives birth

To special faith. Whence in the lesser circle,

Point of the universe, dread seat of Dis,

The traitor is eternally consum'd."

I thus: "Instructor, clearly thy discourse

Proceeds, distinguishing the hideous chasm

And its inhabitants with skill exact.

But tell me this: they of the dull, fat pool,

Whom the rain beats, or whom the tempest drives,

Or who with tongues so fierce conflicting meet,

Wherefore within the city fire-illum'd

Are not these punish'd, if God's wrath be on them?

And if it be not, wherefore in such guise

Are they condemned?" He answer thus return'd:

"Wherefore in dotage wanders thus thy mind,

Not so accustom'd? or what other thoughts

Possess it? Dwell not in thy memory

The words, wherein thy ethic page describes

Three dispositions adverse to Heav'n's will,

Incont'nence, malice, and mad brutishness,

And how incontinence the least offends

God, and least guilt incurs? If well thou note

This judgment, and remember who they are,

Without these walls to vain repentance doom'd,

Thou shalt discern why they apart are plac'd

From these fell spirits, and less wreakful pours

Justice divine on them its vengeance down."

"O Sun! who healest all imperfect sight,

Thou so content'st me, when thou solv'st my doubt,

That ignorance not less than knowledge charms.

Yet somewhat turn thee back," I in these words

Continu'd, "where thou saidst, that usury

Offends celestial Goodness; and this knot

Perplex'd unravel." He thus made reply:

"Philosophy, to an attentive ear,

Clearly points out, not in one part alone,

How imitative nature takes her course

From the celestial mind and from its art:

And where her laws the Stagyrite unfolds,

Not many leaves scann'd o'er, observing well

Thou shalt discover, that your art on her

Obsequious follows, as the learner treads

In his instructor's step, so that your art

Deserves the name of second in descent

From God. These two, if thou recall to mind

Creation's holy book, from the beginning

Were the right source of life and excellence

To human kind. But in another path

The usurer walks; and Nature in herself

And in her follower thus he sets at nought,

Placing elsewhere his hope. But follow now

My steps on forward journey bent; for now

The Pisces play with undulating glance

Along the horizon, and the Wain lies all

O'er the north-west; and onward there a space

Is our steep passage down the rocky height."

THE place where to descend the precipice

We came, was rough as Alp, and on its verge

Such object lay, as every eye would shun.

As is that ruin, which Adice's stream

On this side Trento struck, should'ring the wave,

Or loos'd by earthquake or for lack of prop;

For from the mountain's summit, whence it mov'd

To the low level, so the headlong rock

Is shiver'd, that some passage it might give

To him who from above would pass; e'en such

Into the chasm was that descent: and there

At point of the disparted ridge lay stretch'd

The infamy of Crete, detested brood

Of the feign'd heifer: and at sight of us

It gnaw'd itself, as one with rage distract.

To him my guide exclaim'd: "Perchance thou deem'st

The King of Athens here, who, in the world

Above, thy death contriv'd. Monster! avaunt!

He comes not tutor'd by thy sister's art,

But to behold your torments is he come."

Like to a bull, that with impetuous spring

Darts, at the moment when the fatal blow

Hath struck him, but unable to proceed

Plunges on either side; so saw I plunge

The Minotaur; whereat the sage exclaim'd:

"Run to the passage! while he storms, 't is well

That thou descend." Thus down our road we took

Through those dilapidated crags, that oft

Mov'd underneath my feet, to weight like theirs

Unus'd. I pond'ring went, and thus he spake:

"Perhaps thy thoughts are of this ruin'd steep,

Guarded by the brute violence, which I

Have vanquish'd now. Know then, that when I erst

Hither descended to the nether hell,

This rock was not yet fallen. But past doubt

(If well I mark) not long ere He arrived,

Who carried off from Dis the mighty spoil

Of the highest circle, then through all its bounds

Such trembling seiz'd the deep concave and foul,

I thought the universe was thrill'd with love,

Whereby, there are who deem, the world hath oft

Been into chaos turn'd: and in that point,

Here, and elsewhere, that old rock toppled down.

But fix thine eyes beneath: the river of blood

Approaches, in the which all those are steep'd,

Who have by violence injur'd." O blind lust!

O foolish wrath! who so dost goad us on

In the brief life, and in the eternal then

Thus miserably o'erwhelm us. I beheld

An ample foss, that in a bow was bent,

As circling all the plain; for so my guide

Had told. Between it and the rampart's base

On trail ran Centaurs, with keen arrows arm'd,

As to the chase they on the earth were wont.

At seeing us descend they each one stood;

And issuing from the troop, three sped with bows

And missile weapons chosen first; of whom

One cried from far: "Say to what pain ye come

Condemn'd, who down this steep have journied? Speak

From whence ye stand, or else the bow I draw."

To whom my guide: "Our answer shall be made

To Chiron, there, when nearer him we come.

Ill was thy mind, thus ever quick and rash."

Then me he touch'd, and spake: "Nessus is this,

Who for the fair Deianira died,

And wrought himself revenge for his own fate.

He in the midst, that on his breast looks down,

Is the great Chiron who Achilles nurs'd;

That other Pholus, prone to wrath." Around

The foss these go by thousands, aiming shafts

At whatsoever spirit dares emerge

From out the blood, more than his guilt allows.

We to those beasts, that rapid strode along,

Drew near, when Chiron took an arrow forth,

And with the notch push'd back his shaggy beard

To the cheek-bone, then his great mouth to view

Exposing, to his fellows thus exclaim'd:

"Are ye aware, that he who comes behind

Moves what he touches? The feet of the dead

Are not so wont." My trusty guide, who now

Stood near his breast, where the two natures join,

Thus made reply: "He is indeed alive,

And solitary so must needs by me

Be shown the gloomy vale, thereto induc'd

By strict necessity, not by delight.

She left her joyful harpings in the sky,

Who this new office to my care consign'd.

He is no robber, no dark spirit I.

But by that virtue, which empowers my step

To treat so wild a path, grant us, I pray,

One of thy band, whom we may trust secure,

Who to the ford may lead us, and convey

Across, him mounted on his back; for he

Is not a spirit that may walk the air."

Then on his right breast turning, Chiron thus

To Nessus spake: "Return, and be their guide.

And if ye chance to cross another troop,

Command them keep aloof." Onward we mov'd,

The faithful escort by our side, along

The border of the crimson-seething flood,

Whence from those steep'd within loud shrieks arose.

Some there I mark'd, as high as to their brow