Timo Schmitz - My Archive of Languages (2021 Edition)

ämäs – not

yaman – bad

Nimixka – why?

Nimix kilwatsiz? – What are you doing? (respectful)

Nimix kilwatisan? – What are you doing? (to friends)

-siz – you (respectful)

-san – you

kilix – (to) do

nima – What?

Tamak yawatiman. – I am eating

tamak – (to) eat

Nimix kilip? – What are you doing?

olturux – to do

Sizqü – And you? (colloquial for ‘sezqü’)

bika yattim – nothing; no thing; nothing to do

Esmingiz nima? – What is your name? (respectful)

ha – yes

yok – no

Kitap korwatiman – I am reading (-man as suffix indicates “I”)

Man ugunuxum kirak. – I have to study.

apa – mother

dada – father

ayalim – wife

yoldixim – husband

apam dadam – parents (-am indicates “mine”)

Quxan digizmu? – Did, Do you understand? (-mu indicates a question)

Käjürüng! – Sorry! (cp. Chinese Kazakh: kexiring)

Conversation:

Mahmut: Salam alayküm!

Dilnur: Waleykum assalam!

Mahmut: Sizning ismingiz nemǝ?

Dilnur: Man ismim Dilnur. Sizqü?

Mahmut: Man ismim Mahmut. Ahwalingiz kandak?

Dilnur: Yahxi. Allahka xükri. Sizqü?

Mahmut: Hämme ixlirim jayida.

sizning – your (formal)

ismingiz – your name (formal)

nemǝ – what

xükri – to feel thankful

-mu – particle for a simple question

-qü – particle to give a question back

-gha – a kind of tonation in the reply

Siz uyghurmu? – Are you Uyghur? (formal)

Ehwalingiz yahximu? – Are you feeling good? (formal)

män, man – I

sän, san – you

u – he/ she

biz – we

sez, siz – you (pl.)

ular – they

Adäm barmu? – Is someone there?

adäm – people, human-being

Karxi alemez!- Welcome!

Körüxmigili uzak boptu – Long time no see

uzun – long time

körüxüx – to see each other

Kerüm – Please come in!

Nima boldi? – What’s new?

öy – home, family

yeziki – language

Chay iqing – Please have some tea!

chay – tea

oblast – prefecture

poyiz – train

Tenengez salamätmu? – Is your health good?

Siz närlik? – Where are you from? (polite, colloquial)

Män …-lik – I am from …

Märhämät! – Please

muxuk – cat (cp. Chinese Kazakh: misik)

kerindax – sister (cp. Kazakh: karindas)

kajan – at which time? (cp. Chinese Kazakh: kaxan)

ax – food (cp. Kazakh: as)

ix – emotion, mood (cp. Chinese Kazakh: is)

xenbe – Sunday (cp. Chinese Kazakh: senbi)

kiz, kez – girl

kizlar, kezlar - girls

ul – son (cp. Kazakh: uly)

kelin – bride

dayim /da:jim/ – often

xirin – sweet

Bu käyar? What’s this place?

Män kördüm – I see!

Män keldem – I come!

Män bilimän – I know!

Ular kimlar? – Who are they?

ümid – hope

kitap – book

kitap a – the book

yengi – new

keyin – after (colloquial pronunciation: k’yin)

ئالما (alma) – apple (Kazakh and Kyrgyz ibid.; in Oghuz languages: elma)

ئاپېلسىن (apelsin) – orange

بانان (banan) – banana

شوخلا (xohla) – tomatoes (Azeri and Kyrgyz: pomidor, Kazakh: kezanak)

پىياز (piyaz) – onions (Kazakh ibid.; in Oghuz languages: soğan)

قارا (kara) – black

ئاق (ak) – white

قىزىل (kezel) – red (cp. Kyrgyz: kizil/ kızıl, Kazakh ibid.; in Oghuz languages: kırmızı)

يېشىل (yexel) – green (Kazakh: zhasyl, Kyrgyz: şaşıl)

سېرىق (serik) – yellow (cp. Azeri: sarı)

بىر (bir) – one

ئىككى (ikki) – two

ئۈچ (üq) – three

تۆت (töt) – four (cp. Kashgar dialect: tö:t)

بەش (bäx) – five

بىرىنچى (birinqi) – first (cp. Kashgar dialect: äwwäl)

ئىككىنچى (ikkinqi) – second

ئۈچىنچى (üqinqi) – third

alaka – exchange

Kashgar dialect

a:cha – younger sister

Kexkar – Kashgar

kerghez – Kyrgyz

top – group

bälek – fish

at – horse

käre – old

ätez – field

tö:t – four

büyen – today

äwwäl – first (cp. Arabic: awwal)

ixke – two (cp. Standard Uyghur: ikki)

üch – three

bäx – five

ämryka – America

obdan – good (cp. Standard Uyghur: yahxi)

ot – fire

ong – stone

ejtemaye – society

xürek – heart

oral – boy

sözem – my speech

az – little

kichik – little

gul – flower (Standard Uyghur: gül)

kona – old

xt – dog (Standard Uyhur: it)

kxtap – book (Standard Uyghur: kitap)

tagh – mountain

terex – hard-working

kexkar + da = kexkarda – in Kashgar

bar + dim = bardim – I go

-- like in all other Turkic languages, Uyghur uses ‘da’ or a close form as suffix for place and conjugates the word stems

However, some forms are irregular due to the sounds coming together:

yatak is dorm, ta has to be added for place indication, thus in the dorm becomes jatahta – in the dorm

kech means night, tä indicates the place here, thus kextä – in the night

All Kashgar dialect words were double checked and reviewed by comparing the words from the following book: Mi Haili: Weiwuer Kashihua Yanjue, Beijing: Zhongguo Minzu Daxue Chubanshe, 1997 .

Lop Nor dialect

män – I

sän – you

o – he/ she

biz – we

silär – you (plural)

siz – you (polite)

olo – they

meni – my

ma – this

man – that

manda – that there

käldi – came

alimä – I will take

baradimän – I will go

abdan – good

qoydu – put (past tense)

kün – day

aptap – sunny

ata – father (cf. Azeri/ Turkmen: ata, cf. Standard Uyghur: dada)

Turfan dialect

ak – white (like in Standard Uyghur)

yoh – no (Standard Uyghur: yok)

köynä – old (Standard Uyghur: kona)

it – dog (like in Standrd Uyghur)

qa – tea (cp. Standard Uyghur: chay; Chinese: cha)

su – water (like in Standrd Uyghur)

tus – salt (Standard Uyghur: tuz)

gül – flower (like in Standard Uyghur)

kitap – book (like in Standard Uyghur)

Spoken in: China, Baltistan (Pakistan), Ladakh (India), Bhutan, Mustang and Dolpo (Nepal), Sikkim (India)

Official language in: Tibet Autonomous Region (China), several prefectures in Qinghai and Sichuan (China), Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Gansu, China), Dêqên Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Yunnan, China), Upper Mustang (Nepal), Ladakh (India), Sikkim (India), Bhutan (Dzongkha, which is a Southern Tibetan dialect)

Speakers: more than 5 million

Scripts: Tibetan, Persian-Arabic (used to write Balti language in Pakistan)

Eastern Kham: Kangding dialect (Standard Kam Tibetan)

Spoken in: Kangding County in Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Sichuan, China); as language of education in Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and the Kam-speaking areas in Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture (Sichuan, China), Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Qinghai, China), Dêqên Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Yunnan, China)

Official language in: Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture (Sichuan, China), Dêqên Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Yunnan, China)

Speakers: c. 1.1 million people in Sichuan Province

Scripts: Tibetan

Old Western Tibetan: Ladakhi (Indian Tibetan)