Анетт Асп - Круто! Как подсознательное стремление выделиться правит экономикой и формирует облик нашего мира

Имеется интересная связь между этим открытием и утверждением Роберта Франка о том, что люди более склонны сравнивать себя с теми, кто находится на близких к ним ступенях статусной иерархии. Например, Франк часто перефразирует Бертрана Рассела, который отмечал, что бродяга не завидует миллионеру. Он заведует другому бродяге, у которого имеется чуть больше, чем у него самого. См.: Frank, R. H., 1999, Luxury Fever .

Примеры того времени: дело Браун против Образовательного совета 1954 г.; Акты о гражданских правах 1957, 1964 и 1968; 24-я поправка 1964; Закон об избирательном праве 1964; Закон о справедливом решении жилищных вопросов и Закон о равных правах при найме на работу 1971.

Welzel and Inglehart, 2010, “Agency, values, and well-being.”

Inglehart et al., 2008, “Development, freedom, and rising happiness.”

Gair, 2007, American Counterculture .

Исчерпывающий обзор этих проблем можно найти в: Oakes, Michael. 2012. “Measuring Socioeconomic Status.” NIH Office of Behavioral and Social Science Research. E-source: Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (online textbook). www.esourceresearch.org/tabid/767/default.aspx.www.

Norton, Michael I., and Dan Ariely. 2011. “Building a better America – one wealth quintile at a time.” Perspectives on Psychological Science 6:9–12.

Collins, Randall. 2000. “Situational stratification: A micro-macro theory of inequality.” Sociological Theory 18:17–43.

Goffman, Erving. 1967. Interaction Ritual: Essays on Face-to-Face Behavior . New York: Doubleday.

Collins, 2000, “Situational stratification.”

Wolff, L.S., D. Acevedo-Garcia, S. V. Subramanian, D. Weber, and I. Kawachi. 2010. “Subjective social status, a new measure in health disparities research: Do race/ethnicity and choice of referent group matter?” Journal of Health Psychology 15:560–74; Nobles, Jenna, Miranda Ritterman Weintraub, and Nancy E. Adler. 2013. “Subjective socioeconomic status and health: Relationships reconsidered.” Social Science & Medicine 82:58–66.

Wolff et al., 2010, “Subjective social status.”

Harris, Angel L. 2010. “The economic and educational state of black Americans in the 21st century: Should we be optimistic or concerned?” The Review of Black Political Economy 37:241–52; Wolff et al., 2010, “Subjective social status.”

Frank, R. H., 1999, Luxury Fever .

См., к примеру: Bagwell, Laurie Simon, and B. Douglas Bernheim. 1996. “Veblen effects in a theory of conspicuous consumption.” American Economic Review , 86:349–73; Hopkins, E., and T. Kornienko. 2004. “Running to keep in the same place: Consumer choice as a game of status.” American Economic Review 94:1085–1107; Becker, G. S., K. M. Murphy, and I. Werning. 2005. “The equilibrium distribution of income and the market for status.” Journal of Political Economy 113:282–310; Heffetz, Ori. 2012. “Who sees what? Demographics and the visibility of consumer expenditures.” Journal of Economic Psychology 33:801–18.

Chernow, Ron. 1998. Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller, Sr. New York: Random House.

Asabere, Paul, and Forrest Huffman. 2013. “The impact of relative size on home values.” The Appraisal Journal , p. 24.

Anderson, Cameron, and Gavin J. Kilduff. 2009. “The pursuit of status in social groups.” Current Directions in Psychological Science 18:295–98.

Hall, Jonathan, and Hongyi Li. 2012. “Why Isn’t Conspicuous Consumption More Conspicuous?” no. 1899, www.hongyi.li/papers/Conspicuous.pdf; Lavie, Moshik, “Show Me the Money: Status, Cultural Capital, and Conspicuous Consumption.” (October 1, 2008). Available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=1328292.

Huang, Shiying. 2013. “Bordeaux’s Firsts Too Expensive for China.” The Drinks Business . www.thedrinksbusiness.com/2013/07/bordeauxs-firsts-too-expensive-for-china/.

Smith, E. A., et al., 2010, “Production systems, inheritance, and inequality.”

Одной из целей Макса Вебера было отделение экономического класса от статуса. Во многих современных экономических дискуссиях такое разделение утеряно и класс автоматически приравнивается к статусу. На самом же деле это не так, что является одной из причин того, что даже при выраженной экономической стратификации в обществе может не быть заметного разделения его членов по статусу. См.: Chan, T. W., and J. H. Goldthorpe. 2007. “Class and status: The conceptual distinction and its empirical relevance.” American Sociological Review 72:512–32.

Anderson, C., M. W. Kraus, A. D. Galinsky, and D. Keltner. 2012. “The localladder effect: Social status and subjective well-being.” Psychological Science 23:764–71.

Wayland, Michael. 2012. “How crossovers, soccer moms ‘killed’ minivans.” MLive , March 27–29. www.mlive.com/auto/index.ssf/2012/03/how_crossovers_soccer_moms_kil.html.

Bunkley, Nick. 2011. “Mocked as Uncool, the Minivan Rises Again.” The New York Times , January 3. www.nytimes.com/2011/01/04/business/04minivan.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0.

Tversky, A., and E. Shafir. 1992. “Choice under conflict: The dynamics of deferred decision.” Psychological Science 3:358–61.

Tversky and Shafir, 1992, “Choice under conflict.”

Sweeny, Kate, and Kathleen D. Vohs. 2012. “On near misses and completed tasks: The nature of relief.” Psychological Science 23:464–68.

Kohls, Gregor, et al. 2013. “The nucleus accumbens is involved in both the pursuit of social reward and the avoidance of social punishment.” Neuropsychologia 51:2062–69.

White, Katherine, and Darren W. Dahl. 2007. “Are all out-groups created equal? Consumer identity and dissociative infl uence.” Journal of Consumer Research 34:525–36.