Мария Аполлова: Specific English. Грамматические трудности перевода

I like this song. Мне нравится эта песня. You want a woman to look after you. Вам нужно, чтобы какая-нибудь женщина заботилась о вас. Заметим, что при переводе на русский язык предложения с этими глаголами претерпевают полную перестройку: прямое дополнение английского предложения становится грамматическим подлежащим в русском.

I. А. Переведите следующие предложения, определяя в каждом случае вид английского и соответствующего русского предложения.

1. It was between one and two in the morning. 2. One wants one’s patience when old Swan rambles on with some story you’ve heard fifty times already. 3. You can’t trust him an inch. 4. It will freeze hard in most parts of the country, they say. 5. We could go to Mexico – they want officers in the Mexican Army. 6. You could not move for (из-за) the crowds. 7. Perhaps it would take another big disaster to arouse public awareness. 8. It’s nicer where it isn’t so crowded. 9. You cannot blow bridges close to where you live. 10. One would naturally suppose that Elliott profited by the transactions, but one was too well bred to mention it. 11. I was having a wash before starting out to go to the luncheon Elliott had invited me to, when they rang up from the desk to say that he was below. 12. It is early yet. 13. It appeared that Mrs Bradley was a widow with three children. 14. It’ll be fun taking her around. 15. I knew a small hotel where one ate tolerably and we went straight there. 16. It’s no good denying that. 17. He was as cordial and charming as one could wish. 18. We have a lot of rain in England. 19. «Do you play cricket there?» «No, they teach us to run.» 20. You could spot her a mile away. 21. One never knows with trends.

Б. Переведите на английский язык, используя личную конструкцию.

1. В горах очень прохладно. 2. Похоже было на то, что его брак будет счастливым. 3. Я думаю, сейчас около восьми часов. 4. Было почти невозможно раздобыть (to obtain) гвозди. 5. У каждого (one) свои проблемы. 6. «Но нельзя ведь жить на три тысячи в год!» – воскликнула она. 7. Нужно (one) принимать мир таким, каков он есть. 8. Мне потребовалась минута, чтобы принять решение (to make up one’s mind). 9. Нельзя же (you) спорить с человеком, у которого кулак как стальной молот. 10. Нет никакого смысла обсуждать это. 11. Говорят, она вышла замуж. 12. Попробуй сходить на этот завод. Там нужны рабочие. 13. Приятно прогуляться рано утром.

11. А. Переведите следующие предложения с конструкцией there is.

1. There is milk in the jug. 2. There was a menace in his voice. 3. There was a storm coming. 4. There seemed to be no end to our troubles. 5. There entered John and Lucie holding each other’s hands. 6. There isn’t even the satisfaction of raising a row about it. 7. There was an unspeakable beauty about mornings, the great sun from the sea. 8. There is the fear that our civilisation may be completely destroyed by the new weapons of destruction that scientists have placed in the hands of their rulers. 9. I don’t want to frighten you, but there’s always the possibility that you will die, or be killed in an accident, while you are still young. 10. It always seemed to them that there hung about the house faintly the acrid smell of opium. 11. After all, there’s no harm in trying. 12. Then finally she burst into laughter that made the other two want to go on and on for ever. And there were the three of them, shaking, watery-eyed, helpless. 13. Below and beyond there stretched toward the invisible sea the flat pale green expanse of Romney Marsh. 14. There had been mornings when he came in fearing to find Fanny dead. 15. And there was Fanny’s poor old dressing-gown still hanging on the door. 16. There was not much to find. There had not been much to find in the desk either. Poor Fanny had had no secrets. She had been a woman without mystery. There had been no darkness in her. 17. The lines of roses were out of sight now below the hill, and between the towering beeches there was only visible the blue and white swiftly moving sky. 18. There was Tory fury in the House of Commons over the decision.

Б. Переведите на английский язык, используя конструкцию there is.

1. Над дверью магазина была вывеска. 2. На этих равнинах очень солнечно (sunshine) круглый год. 3. В доме была большая веранда. 4. Дул холодный ветер. 5. В комнате стояла тишина (silence). 6. В ее голосе была приятная хрипотца (huskiness). 7. И как раз в этот момент появился Джеймс. 8. Казалось, конца не будет ее жалобам. 9. В комнату вбежали дети, весело смеясь. 10. В то время не было никакой возможности получить работу. 11. Кажется, нет причины откладывать решение этого вопроса. 12. Оставалось только посадить (to put) Мэри в экипаж.

В. Переведите следующие предложения, содержащие there is + отрицание + герундий.

1. There’s no telling when I’ll be out. 2. There was no denying that Constance had a lovely figure. 3. When he saw that there was no persuading him to stay, he ceased to urge it. 4. There was never any telling when he would turn up. 5. There was no evading his impudence. 6. Finally he decided there was no knowing whether she believed the story or not. 7. Mildred felt her tears coming now. There was no resisting them. 8. To him there is no escaping the fact that man is an evil animal.

Г. Переведите на английский язык, используя упражнение В в качестве образца.

1. Трудно сказать, когда он вернется. 2. Нельзя отрицать, что она права. 3. Нельзя было предотвратить (to avert) опасность. 4. Остановить его было невозможно. 5. Мать была уверена, что ее Том не виноват, и разубедить (to dissuade) ее было невозможно. 6. Мир переменился, и возврата назад быть не могло.

III. Переведите на русский язык и укажите, при переводе каких предложений невозможно употребление страдательного залога.

1. Then the maid was awakened and the doctor sent for. 2. I can be rung up if there is any change. 3. Pringle’s stockings were splashed by a passing taxi. 4. He was asked abruptly whether he thought he would like it at Cobb. 5. He was regarded by all his friends as amiable, loyal, tough-natured, but rather cold. 6. It was done on purpose. 7. Zena’s prayer is answered. 8. Anyone who puts furniture before cats and children shouldn’t be allowed to have either. 9. Tom, who called for his typescript next day, was congratulated cordially by Matthew. 10. The baggage is taken care of. 11. Party arid government bodies are greatly assisted by scientists. 12. They were denied admittance. 13. The boy was always made fun of at school. 14. The house had not been lived in too long. 15. I was told to wait in the lounge. 16. The report was followed by a long debate. 17. Such things can’t be put up with. 18. She had been asked to join them but had refused. 19. What Mildred was trying to conjure up must be made nonsense of, must be made somehow not to exist. The thing must be laughed off briskly, Mildred must be clapped on the shoulder and taken to her coffee. 20. His December statement was given support by the President. 21. She wasn’t given an answer but was told she would have to register anyway. 22. I was not taken seriously at first. 23. Later she was offered a post in the legal department of the republican government. 24. It did not displease him to think that he had been feared rather than loved. 25. For a more complete understanding of the elements their thorough study is called for. 26. The police were sent for. 27. The room in which we stood seemed as though it were being just moved into. 28. I was not told these things. 29. M. Poirot has been telephoned for. 30. They were waited on by the two boys. 31. We were generally looked upon as a devoted couple. 32. «We’re going home tomorrow – you’d better be thinking about your frocks.» «Bless you! They’re all thought about.» 33. The game was resumed, the glasses were refilled, pipes were lit, watches were looked at.