Bruce Bagemihl - Biological Exuberance

37

Balzer, M. M. (1996) “Sacred Genders in Siberia: Shamans, Bear Festivals, and Androgyny,” in Ramet, Gender Reversals and Gender Cultures, pp. 164-82; Bogoras, W. (1904-9) The Chukchee, pp. 448-57, Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History, vol. 11, Publications of the Jesup North Pacific Expedition, vol. 7 (Leiden: E. J. Brill; New York: G. E. Stechert [reprinted in 1975, New York: AMS Press]); Jochelson, W. (1908) The Koryak, pp. 47, 65, 469, 502, 525, 733, Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History, vol. 10, Publications of the Jesup North Pacific Expedition, vol. 6 (Leiden: E. J. Brill; New York: G. E. Stechert [reprinted in 1975, New York: AMS Press]); Murray, S. O. (1992) “Vladimir Bogoraz’s Account of Chukchi Transformed Shamans” and “Vladimir Iokalson’s Reports of Northeastern Siberian Transformed Shamans,” in S. O. Murray, ed., Oceanic Homosexualities, pp. 293-327 (New York: Garland).

38

Serov, S. I. (1988) “Guardians and Spirit-Masters of Siberia,” pp. 241, 247-49, in W. W. Fitzhugh and A. Crowell, eds., Crossroads of Continents: Cultures of Siberia and Alaska, pp. 241-55 (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press); Pavlinskaya, L. R. (1994) “The Shaman Costume: Image and Myth,” in G. Seaman and J. S. Day, eds., Ancient Traditions: Shamanism in Central Asia and the Americas, pp. 257-64 (Niwot, Colo.: University Press of Colorado); Zornickaja, M. J. (1978) “Dances of Yakut Shamans,” in V. Diószegi and M. Hoppál, eds., Shamanism in Siberia , pp. 299-307 (Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó); Hamayon, R. N. (1992) “Game and Games, Fortune and Dualism in Siberian Shamanism,” in M. Hoppál and J. Pentikainen, eds., Northern Religions and Shamanism, pp. 134-37 (Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó); Bogoras, The Chukchee, pp. 268-9.

39

Saladin d’Anglure, B. (1986) “Du fœtus au chamane: la construction d‘un ‘troisième sexe’ inuit” (From Fetus to Shaman: The Construction of an Inuit “Third Sex”), especially pp. 72, 84, 86, Études/Inuit/Studies 10:25-113 (selections translated into English and reprinted in A. Mills and R. Slobodin, eds., [1994] Amerindian Rebirth: Reincarnation Belief among North American Indians and Inuit, pp. 82-106 [Toronto: University of Toronto Press]); Saladin d’Anglure, B. (1983) “Ijiqqat: voyage au pays de l‘invisible inuit (Ijiqqat: Travel to the Land of the Inuit Invisible), pp. 72, 81, Études/Inuit/Studies 7:67-83; Saladin d’Anglure, B. (1990) “Frère-lune (Taqqiq), sœur-soleil (Siqiniq), et l‘intelligence du monde (Sila): Cosmologie inuit, cosmographie arctique, et espace-temps chamanique” (Brother-Moon [Taqqiq], Sister-Sun [Siqiniq], and the Intelligence of the World [Sila]: Inuit Cosmology, Arctic Cosmography, and Shamanistic Space-Time), pp. 96-98, Études/Inuit/Studies 14:75-139; Boas, F. (1901-7) “The Eskimo of Baffin Land and Hudson Bay,” p. 509, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 15:1-570.

40

Saladin d’Anglure, B. (1990) “Nanook, Super-Male: The Polar Bear in the Imaginary Space and Social Time of the Inuit of the Canadian Arctic,” especially pp. 190, 193, in R. Wills, ed., Signifying Animals: Human Meaning in the Natural World, pp. 178-95 (London: Unwin Hyman).

41

Balzer, “Sacred Genders in Siberia,” pp. 169-74.

42

Fienup-Riordan, A. (1994) Boundaries and Passages: Rule and Ritual in Yup’ik Eskimo Oral Tradition, pp. 114, 139, 274-79, 293, 297-98, 307-12, 320, 345-50 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press); Kaplan, S. A. (1984) “Note,” in E. S. Burch Jr., ed., The Central Yup’ik Eskimos, supplementary issue of Études/Inuit/Studies 8:2; Morrow, P. (1984) “It Is Time for Drumming: A Summary of Recent Research on Yup’ik Ceremonialism,” pp. 119, 138, in E. S. Burch Jr., ed., The Central Yup’ik Eskimos, supplementary issue of Études/Inuit/Studies 8:113-40; Fienup-Riordan, A. (1996) The Living Tradition of Yup’ik Masks: Agayuliyararput (Our Way of Making Prayer), pp. 39, 63, 87-88, 92, 98, 100, 176 (Seattle: University of Washington Press); Chaussonnet, V. (1988) “Needles and Animals: Women’s Magic,” p. 216, in Fitzhugh and Crowell, Crossroads of Continents, pp. 209-26. Among the Cumberland Sound Inuit of eastern Canada, the spirit-guardian and mother of sea mammals, Sedna, has an attendant named Qailertetang who is also represented during ceremonies by a man dressed in a woman’s costume (Boas, “The Eskimo of Baffin Land and Hudson Bay,” pp. 139-40).

43

Bogoras, The Chukchee, pp. 79, 84; Diachenko, V. (1994) “The Horse in Yakut Shamanism,” pp. 268-69, in Seaman and Day, Ancient Traditions, pp. 265-71.

44

On handedness/laterality in various animals, see Marino, L., and J. Stowe (1997) “Lateralized Behavior in Two Captive Bottlenose Dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus ),” Zoo Biology 16:173-77; Marino, L., and J. Stowe (1997) “Lateralized Behavior in a Captive Beluga Whale ( Delphinapterus leucas ),” Aquatic Mammals 23:101-3; McGrew, W. C., and L. F. Marchant (1996) “On Which Side of the Apes? Ethological Study of Laterality of Hand Use,” in W. C. McGrew, L. E Marchant, and T. Nishida, eds., Great Ape Societies, pp. 255-72 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press); Clapham, P. J., E. Leimkuhler, B. K. Gray, and D. K. Mattila (1995) “Do Humpback Whales Exhibit Lateralized Behavior?” Animal Behavior 50:73-82; Morgan, M. J. (1992) “On the Evolutionary Origin of Right-Handedness,” Current Biology 2:15-17; MacNeilage, P. F., M. G. Studdert-Kennedy, and B. Lindblom (1987) “Primate Handedness Reconsidered,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10:247-303; Rogers, L. J. (1980) “Lateralization in the Avian Brain,” Bird Behavior 2:1-12; Cole, J. (1955) “Paw Preference in Cats Related to Hand Preference in Animals and Man,” Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 48:337-45; Friedman, H., and M. Davis (1938) “‘Left Handedness’ in Parrots,” Auk 55:478-80.

45

Beck, B. B. (1980) Animal Tool Behavior: The Use and Manufacture of Tools by Animals, p. 39 (New York: Garland); Koch, T. J. (1975) The Year of the Polar Bear, p. 32 (Indianapolis and New York: Bobbs-Merrill); Bruemmer, F. (1972) Experiences with Arctic Animals, p. 92 (Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson); Perry, R. (1966) The World of the Polar Bear, pp. 11, 76 (Seattle: University of Washington Press); Haig-Thomas, D. (1939) Tracks in the Snow, p. 230 (New York: Oxford University Press).

46

Lindesay, J. (1987) “Laterality Shift in Homosexual Men,” Neuropsychologia 25:965-69; McCormick, C. M., S. F. Witelson, and E. Kinstone (1990) “Left-handedness in Homosexual Men and Women: Neuroendocrine Implications,” Psychoneuroendocrinology 1:69-76; Watson, D. B., and S. Coren (1992) “Left-handedness in Male-to-Female Transsexuals,” JAMA ( Journal of the American Medical Association ) 267:1342; Coren, S. (1992) The Left-Hander Syndrome: The Causes and Consequences of Left-Handedness, pp. 199-202 (New York: Free Press).

47

For scientific experiments, see Cushing, B. S. (1983) “Responses of Polar Bears to Human Menstrual Odors,” in E. C. Meslow, ed., Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Bear Research and Management (1980), pp. 270-274 (West Glacier, Mont.: International Association for Bear Research and Management); Cushing, B. S. (1980) The Effects of Human Menstrual Odors, Other Scents, and Ringed Seal Vocalizations on the Polar Bear (master’s thesis, University of Montana). For additional discussion of the phenomenon, see March, K. S. (1980) “Deer, Bears, and Blood: A Note on Nonhuman Animal Response to Menstrual Odor,” American Anthropologist 82:125-27. For an alternative evaluation of the scientific evidence and discussion of the way these findings have been misinterpreted to mean that bears are more likely to attack women—and therefore used to justify policies excluding women from certain forestry jobs—see Byrd, C. P. (1988) Of Bears and Women: Investigating the Hypothesis That Menstruation Attracts Bears (master’s thesis, University of Montana).