Ульрих Бозер - Как научиться учиться [Навыки осознанного усвоения знаний]

7. Об объяснениях и обратной связи (с. 143) см.: Andrew C. Butler, Namrata Godbole, and Elizabeth Marsh, «Explanation Feedback Is Better Than Correct Answer Feedback for Promoting Transfer of Learning», Journal of Educational Psychology 105, no. 2, (2013): 290–298, и Nate Kornell and Lisa K. Son, «Learners' Choices and Beliefs about Self-Testing», Memory 17, no. 5 (July 2009): 493–501, doi:10.1080/09658210902832915.

8. John Hattie, Visible Learning: A Synthesis of Over 800 Meta-Analyses Relating to Achievement (Abingdon, UK: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2009).

9. Yanjin Long and Vincent Aleven, «Gamification of Joint Student/System Control over Problem Selection in a Linear Equation Tutor», Intelligent Tutoring Systems , 378–87, eds. Stefan Trausan-Matu, Kristy Elizabeth Boyer, Martha Crosby, and Kitty Panourgia (New York: Springer International Publishing, 2014), http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-07221-0_47.

10. Daniel T. Willingham, Why Don't Students Like School? A Cognitive Scientist Answers Questions about How the Mind Works and What It Means for the Classroom (San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2009).

11. Graham Nuthall, The Hidden Lives of Learners (Wellington, NZ: NZCER Press, 2007). Также см.: Katherine Rawson and John Dunlosky, «Bang for the Buck: Supporting Durable and Efficient Student Learning through Successive Relearning», Integrating Cognitive Science with Innovative Teaching in STEM Disciplines (St. Louis, MO: Washington University in St. Louis, 2014), doi:10.7936/K7F769GZ.

12. Hoda Kotb, «From Video Clerk to Box Office Icon», NBC News , April 26, 2004, http://www.nbcnews.com/id/4817308/ns/dateline_nbc-newsmakers/t/video-clerk-box-office-icon/(дата обращения: 13.09.2016).

13. Henry L. Roediger and Jeffrey D. Karpicke, «Test-Enhanced Learning: Taking Memory Tests Improves Long-Term Retention», Psychological Science 17, no. 3 (2006): 249–255. Также упоминается: J. D. Karpicke and J. R. Blunt, «Retrieval Practice Produces More Learning Than Elaborative Studying with Concept Mapping», Science 331, no. 6018 (2011): 772–75, doi:10.1126/science.1199327.

14. Maria Konnikova, Mastermind: How to Think Like Sherlock Holmes (New York: Penguin, 2013). Метод извлечения со стопкой карточек описан в: Rachel Adragna, «Be Your Own Teacher: How to Study with Flash Cards», The Learning Scientists , February 20, 2016, http://www.learningscientists.org/blog/2016/2/20-1(дата обращения: 13.09.2016).

15. Более подробно о работах Ху: Yuzheng Hu et al., «Enhanced White Matter Tracts Integrity in Children with Abacus Training», Human Brain Mapping 32, no. 1 (2011): 10–21, doi:10.1002/hbm.20996.

16. О пластичности головного мозга в последние годы написано много, в том числе: S. Kühn, T. Gleich, R. C. Lorenz, U. Lindenberger, and J. Gallinat, «Playing Super Mario Induces Structural Brain Plasticity: Gray Matter Changes Resulting from Training with a Commercial Video Game», Molecular Psychiatry 19, no. 2 (February 2014): 265–71, doi:10.1038/mp.2013.120.

17. Martin Lövdén et al., «A Theoretical Framework for the Study of Adult Cognitive Plasticity», Psychological Bulletin 136, no. 4 (2010): 659. Также см.: Edward Taub, «Foreword for Neuroplasticity and Neurorehabilitation», Frontiers Research Topics: Neuroplasticity and Neurorehabilitation 8, no. 544 (2014): 4–5.

18. Пример со столицей Австралии привел мне Беннет Шварц. Психологи называют это явление «эффект гиперкоррекции». Более подробно см.: Janet Metcalfe and David Miele, «Hypercorrection of High Confidence Errors: Prior Testing Both Enhances Delayed Performance and Blocks the Return of the Errors», Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition 3, no. 3 (2014): 189–197.

19. Amy Goldstein, «A Sine of a True Genius», Washington Post, June 7, 1989, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1989/06/07/a-sine-of-a-true-genius/a29172c8-d53f-45da-920c-4e2a407ce97e/(дата обращения: 13.09.2016). Также см.: Jordan Ellenberg, How Not to Be Wrong: The Power of Mathematical Thinking (New York: Penguin, 2015).

20. Lisa Trahan, Karla K. Stuebing, Merril K. Hiscock, and Jack M. Fletcher, «The Flynn Effect: A Meta-Analysis», Psychological Bulletin 140, no. 5 (2014): 1332–60, doi: 10.1037/a0037173.

21. Kathryn Schulz, Being Wrong: Adventures in the Margin of Error , Kindle edition (New York: HarperCollins, 2010).

22. Dave Kindred, «Born to Be Players, Born to the Moment», Washington Post, February 23, 1980, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/sports/longterm/olympics1998/history/memories/80-kindred.htm(дата обращения: 16.09.2016). По поводу точности цитаты ведутся дискуссии, см.: Bill Littlefield, «Hollywood Scores a 'Miracle' with Locker Room Speech», WBUR, June 18, 2016, http://www.wbur.org/onlyagame/2016/06/17/us-miracle-olympics-herb-brooks-origins(дата обращения: 16.09.2016).

23. Подробности эксперимента с пастилой: Walter Mischel, The Marshmallow Test: Mastering Self-Control (Little, Brown, 2014). Исследование о разговоре с самим собой: Sanda Dolcos and Dolores Albarracin, «The Inner Speech of Behavioral Regulation: Intentions and Task Performance Strengthen When You Talk to Yourself as a You», European Journal of Social Psychology 44, no. 6 (October 1, 2014): 636–642, doi: 10.1002/ejsp.2048.

24. Adam Winsler, Louis Manfra, and Rafael M. Diaz, «'Should I Let Them Talk?' Private Speech and Task Performance Among Preschool Children with and without Behavior Problems», Early Childhood Research Quarterly 22, no. 2 (2007): 215–231. Я нашел это исследование через Pyschnet.

25. Carol Dweck, Mindset: The New Psychology of Success, How We Learn to Fulfill Our Potential, Kindle edition (New York: Ballantine Books, 2008). Мысль о небольшом влиянии слов в исследованиях Дуэк я почерпнул от BBC: «The Words That Could Unlock Your Child», BBC News, April 19, 2011, http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-13128701(дата обращения: 04.10.2016).

26. Также использовано: Kyla Haimovitz and Carol S. Dweck, «What Predicts Children's Fixed and Growth Intelligence Mind-Sets? Not Their Parents' Views of Intelligence but Their Parents' Views of Failure», Psychological Science (2016): 0956797616639727.

27. «Herb Brooks Quotes», Herb Brooks Foundation, http://www.herbbrooksfoundation.com/page/show/740804-herb-brooks-quotes(дата обращения: 16.09.2016).

Brackett, Marc, et al. «Enhancing Academic Performance and Social and Emotional Competence with the RULER Feeling Words Curriculum.» Learning and Individual Differences 22, no. 2 (2012): 218–224.

Cheryan, Sapna, et al. «Designing Classrooms to Maximize Student Achievement.» Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1, no. 1 (2014): 4–12.