Клиффорд Пиковер - Искусственный интеллект. Иллюстрированная история. От автоматов до нейросетей

1651. «Левиафан» Гоббса

Dyson, G., Darwin among the Machines (New York: Basic Books, 1997).

1714. Мельница Лейбница

Bostrom, N., “The Simulation Argument: Why the Probability that You Are Living in a Matrix is Quite High.” Times Higher Education Supplement , May 16, 2003, http://tinyurl.com/y8qorjcf

Moravec, H., “Robot Children of the Mind.” In David Jay Brown’s Conversations on the Edge of the Apocalypse (New York: Palgrave, 2005).

1726. Станок для написания книг в Лагадо

Weiss, E., “Jonathan Swift’s Computing Invention.” Annals of the History of Computing , vol. 7, no. 2, p. 164–165, 1985.

1738. Механическая утка де Вокансона

Glimcher, P., Decisions, Uncertainty, and the Brain: The Science of Neuroeconomics. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2003).

Riskin, J., “The Defecating Duck, or, the Ambiguous Origins of Artificial Life.” Critical Inquiry , vol. 29, no. 4, p. 599–633, 2003.

1770. Механический турок

Morton, E., “Object of Intrigue: The Turk, a Mechanical Chess Player that Unsettled the World.” August 18, 2015, http://tinyurl.com/y72aqfep

1774. Автоматоны Жаке-Дро

Lorrain, J., Monsieur De Phocas (trans. F. Amery) (Sawtry, Cambridgeshire, UK: Dedalus, 1994).

Riskin, J., The Restless Clock (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2016).

1818. «Франкенштейн»

D’Addario, D., “The Artificial Intelligence Gap Is Getting Narrower,” Time , October 10, 2017, http://tinyurl.com/y8g5bu5o

Gallo, P., “Are We Creating a New Frankenstein?” Forbes , March 17, 2017, http://tinyurl.com/ycsdr6gt

1821. Машинное творчество

Colton, S., and G. Wiggins, “Computational Creativity: The Final Frontier?” In Proceedings of the 20th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2012.

1854. Булева алгебра

Titcomb, J., “Who is George Boole and Why is He Important?” The Telegraph , November 2, 2015, http://tinyurl.com/yb25t8ft

1863. «Дарвин среди машин»

Wiener, N., “The Machine Age,” 1949 unpublished essay for the New York Times , http://tinyurl.com/ybbpeydo

1868. «Паровой человек в прериях»

Liptak, A., “Edward Ellis and the Steam Man of the Prairie,” Kirkus , November 6, 2015, http://tinyurl.com/yadhxn7t

1907. Тик-Ток

Abrahm, P., and S. Kenter, “Tik-Tok and the Three Laws of Robotics,” Science Fiction Studies , vol. 5, pt. 1, March 1978, http://tinyurl.com/ybm6qv2y

Goody, A., Technology, Literature and Culture (Malden, MA: Polity Press, 2011).

1920. R.U.R.

Floridi, L., Philosophy and Computing (New York: Taylor & Francis, 2002).

Stefoff, R., Robots (Tarrytown, NY: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2008).

1927. «Метрополис»

Lombardo, T., Contemporary Futurist Thought (Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2008.)

1942. Три закона робототехники Азимова

Markoff, J., “Technology: A Celebration of Isaac Asimov,” New York Times , April 12, 1992, http://tinyurl.com/y9gevq6t

1943. Искусственные нейронные сети

Lewis-Kraus, G., “The Great A.I. Awakening,” New York Times Magazine , December 14, 2016, http://tinyurl.com/gue4pdh

1950. «Человеческое использование человеческих существ»

Crevier, D., AI (New York: Basic Books, 1993).

Wiener, N., The Human Use of Human Beings (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1950).

1952. Распознавание речи

“Now We’re Talking: How Voice Technology is Transforming Computing,” The Economist , January 7, 2017, http://tinyurl.com/yaedcvfg

1954. Обработка естественного языка

“701 Translator,” IBM Press Release, January 8, 1954, http://tinyurl.com/y7lwblng

1956. Дартмутский семинар по искусственному интеллекту

Dormehl, L., Thinking Machines (New York: Tarcher, 2017).

McCorduck, P., Machines Who Think (Natick, MA: A. K. Peters, 2004).

1957. Трансгуманизм

Huxley, J., New Bottles for New Wine (London: Chatto & Windus, 1957).

Istvan, Z., “The Morality of Artificial Intelligence and the Three Laws of Transhumanism,” Huffington Post , http://tinyurl.com/ycpx9bwa

Pickover, C., A Beginner’s Guide to Immortality (New York: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 2007).

1959. Представление знаний

Nilsson, N., The Quest for Artificial Intelligence (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010).

1964. Психотерапевт ELIZA

Weizenbaum, J., “ELIZA – A Computer Program for the Study of Natural Language Communication Between Man and Machine,” Communications of the ACM , vol. 9, no. 1, p. 36–45, 1966.

1964. Распознавание лиц

West, J., “A Brief History of Face Recognition,” http://tinyurl.com/y8wdqsbd

1965. Экспертные системы

Dormehl, L., Thinking Machines (New York: Tarcher, 2017).

1965. Нечеткая логика

Carter, J., “What is ‘Fuzzy Logic’?” Scientific American , http://tinyurl.com/yd24gngp

1965. Глубокое обучение

Fain, J., “A Primer on Deep Learning,” Forbes , December 18, 2017, http://tinyurl.com/ybwt9qp3

1967. Жизнь в симуляции

Davies, P., “A Brief History of the Multiverse,” New York Times , 2003, http://tinyurl.com/y8fodeoy.

Koebler, J., “Is the Universe a Giant Computer Simulation?” http://tinyurl.com/y9lluy7a

Reese, M., “In the Matrix,” http://tinyurl.com/y9h6fjyx.

1972. Параноик PARRY

Wilks, Y., and R. Catizone, “Human-Computer Conversation,” arXiv: cs/9906027, June 1999, http://tinyurl.com/y7erxtxm

1975. Генетические алгоритмы

Copeland, J., The Essential Turing (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004).

Dormehl, L., Thinking Machines (New York: Tarcher, 2017).

1979. Победа над чемпионом по коротким нардам

Crevier, D., AI (New York: Basic Books, 1993).

1982. «Бегущий по лезвию»

Guga, J., “Cyborg Tales: The Reinvention of the Human in the Information Age,” in Beyond Artificial Intelligence (New York: Springer, 2015).

Littman, G., “What’s Wrong with Building Replicants?” in The Culture and Philosophy of Ridley Scott (Lanham, MD: Lexington).

1984. Беспилотные автомобили

Lipson, H., and M. Kurman, Driverless (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016).

1986. Роевой интеллект

Jonas, David, and Doris Jonas, Other Senses, Other Worlds (New York: Stein and Day, 1976).