Clerke, Popular History , 177.
Piazzi Smyth, Teneriffe , 77.
Ibid., 90.
Charles Piazzi Smyth, «The Ascent of Teneriffe,» Literary Gazette and Journal of Belles Lettres, Science, and Art , 17 April 1858 (London: Lovell Reed): 377.
Piazzi Smyth, Teneriffe , 108–109.
В переводе с испанского Альтависта означает «вид сверху». – Прим. пер.
Charles Piazzi Smyth, Astronomical Observations Made at the Royal Observatory Edinburgh (Edinburgh: Neill and Company, 1863), 444.
Piazzi Smyth, Teneriffe , 274.
Ibid., 320.
Ibid., 288.
Charles Piazzi Smyth, «On Astronomical Drawing,» Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society 15 (1946): 75–76.
Charles Babbage, Reflexions on the Decline of Science in England (London: B. Fellowes, 1830), 210–211.
Charles Piazzi Smyth, Our Inheritance in the Great Pyramid (London: Alexander Strahan, 1864).
Brück and Brück, Peripatetic Astronomer , 119.
Ibid., 177.
David Brewster and J. H. Gladstone, «On the Lines of the Solar Spectrum,» Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 150 (1860): 152.
Для сравнения: в то время квалифицированный английский рабочий, трудившийся на машиностроительном производстве, получал 1 фунт 15 шиллингов в неделю. – Прим. ред.
Более подробно о методе дождевых полос Пьяцци Смита см.: Anderson, Predicting , chapter 5. Также см.: Charles Piazzi Smyth, «Spectroscopic Weather Discussions,» Nature 26 (5 October 1882): 553.
F. W. Cory, «The Spectroscope as an Aid to Forecasting Weather,» Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 9, no. 48 (1883): 285.
Piazzi Smyth, «Spectroscopic,» 553.
Charles Piazzi Smyth, «The Spectroscope and the Weather,» Popular Science 22 (1882): 242.
Piazzi Smyth, «Spectroscopic,» 552.
Robert Multhauf, «The Introduction of Self-registering Meteorological Instruments,» Contributions from the Museum of History and Technology: Paper 23, United States National Museum Bulletin (Washington, DC: Smithsonian, 1961).
Robert H. Scott, Instructions for the Use of Meteorological Instruments (London: J. D. Potter, 1875), 9–10.
Robert Brain and M. Norton Wise, «Muscles and Engines: Indicator Diagrams and Helmholtz's Graphical Methods,» in Universalgenie Helmholtz: R ü ckblick nach 100 Jahren , ed. Lorenz Krüger (Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1994), 124–145; Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison, «The Image of Objectivity,» Representations 40 (1992): 81–128.
Lorraine Daston, «Cloud Physiognomy,» Representations 136, no. 1 (Summer 2016): 45–71; Richard Hamblyn, The Invention of Clouds: How an Amateur Meteorologist Forged the Language of the Skies (London: Picador, 2001).
Ralph Abercromby, Seas and Skies in Many Latitudes, Or Wanderings in Search of Weather (London: Edward Stanford, 1888).
William Clement Ley, Cloudland: A Study on the Structure and Character of Clouds (London: Edward Stanford, 1894), vii.
«Manchester Photograpic Society,» British Journal of Photography (22 December 1876): 609.
Brück and Brück, Peripatetic Astronomer , 217.
Charles Piazzi Smyth, Cloud Forms That Have Been at Clova, Ripon, 1892–1895, 3 vols., Archives of the Royal Society.
H. H. Hildebrandsson and Teisserenc de Bort, International Cloud Atlas (Paris: 1896), 15.
Piazzi Smyth, Cloud Forms , 5, 7.
Биографические источники об Уокере включают: S. K. Banerji, «Sir Gilbert Walker CSI, ScD, FRS,» Indian Journal of Meteorology and Geophysics 10, no. 1 (1959): 113–117; Geoffrey Taylor, «Gilbert Thomas Walker, 1868–1958,» Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 8 (November 1962): 166–174; J. M. Walker, «Pen Portrait of Gilbert Walker, CSI, MA ScD, FRS,» Weather 52, no. 7 (1997): 217–220. О работе Уокера в Метеорологическом департаменте Индии см.: D. R. Sikka, «The Role of the India Meteorological Department, 1875–1947,» in Uma Das Gupta, ed., Science and Modern India: An Institutional History, c. 1784–1947 , 381–421, vol. 15, part 4, of D. P. Chattopadhyaya, ed., History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization (Delhi: Pearson-Longman). Об открытии Уокером Южной осцилляции см.: Richard Grove and George Adamson, El Niño in World History (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018), chapter 5, «The Discovery of ENSO,» 107–137; Mike Davis, Late Victorian Holocausts: El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World (London: Verso, 2002), part 3, «Decyphering El Niño,» 211–239.
. The Queen's Empire: A Pictorial and Descriptive Record, Illustrated from Photographs , vol. 2 (London: Cassell, 1897–1899), 120.
Frederik Nebeker, Calculating the Weather: Meteorology in the 20th Century (San-Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1995), 197n21.
Nebeker, Calculating the Weather , 21.
Deborah Coen, «Climate and Circulation in Imperial Austria,» Journal of Modern Histo ry 82, no. 4 (2010): 846.
Julius von Hann, Handbook of Climatology , trans. Robert De Courcey Ward (New York: Macmillan, 1903), 2.
Климатологи сегодня по-прежнему используют эти методы и разделяют выдвинутое Ханном предположение, что некоторые климатические периоды полезно рассматривать как фундаментально-стабильные. Таким образом, оно продолжает формировать наше понимание климата. См.: Mike Hulme, Suraje Dessai, Irene Lorenzoni, and Donald Nelson, «Unstable Climates: Exploring the Statistical and Social Constructions of 'Normal' Climate,» Geoforum 40 (2009): 197–206.
Hann, Handbook , 2.
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