Кущ Т.Ю., Воловник М.С. Основы английского языка для судовых электриков (1998)

Однако в современной научно-технической литературе наблюдается тенденция принимать форму притяжательного падежа у существительных, обозначающих:

1/ машины или детали машин и механизмов: the motor’s terminals;

2/ страны, города, суда, а также такие существительные, как ship, world, country, nature, city, earth, sun и некоторые другие: the world’s resources, the earth’s rotation, the ship’s crew;

3/ промежуток времени, расстояние, дни, месяцы: ап hour’s work, yesterday’s newspaper, a mile’s distance, a month’s holiday.

Мы уже отмечали, что определение, выраженное существительным в общем падеже ставится после определяемого существительного и ему предшествует предлог of: methods of teaching. Однако в современной научно-технической литературе вместо определения, управляемого предлогом и стоящего после определяемого слова, все шире используется определение, выраженное другим существительным в общем падеже, стоящим перед определяемым словом: a car radio, a radio саг. Во многих случаях существительному предшествует не одно, а два или более существительных в общем падеже в функции определения:

power supply - снабжение энергией;

alternating current transformers - трансформаторы переменного тока;

cold we'ather operation of the machine - работа машины в условиях холодной погоды;

transmission line performance - работа линий передач

36. /40 мин./ Внимательно читая текст, выпишите новые слоям » словарики. Затем найдите в техническом словаре подходящее п® смыслу значение каждого слова. При третьем чтении постарайтесь найти отняты на следующие вопросы. /Т.к. предлагаемый ниже текст является первым, который знакомит вас с основами автоматизации на английском языке, то хотелось бы, чтобы трудности, связанные с чтением этого материала, не ослабили ваше желание получать информаций) по специальности и на английском языке./

1. What kind of devices are inductance transducers? 2. What paragraph deals with a transduction coil? 3. What does this paragraph say about the coil? 4. What advantages do inductance transducers show?

Automation Means of Control & Inspection.

Inductance Transducers

Inductance transducers are devices fti which the electric output results from the variation of the self-induction of a single coil.

. Some designs contain two coils collected as two arms of an inductive bridge. In such transducers tfie transduction coil has a stationary core but changes its inductance.with the distance between itself & a moving ferromagnetic object. Thus, their input is the displacement of the armature that causes a change in the reluctance path / air gap / while ae excitation is applied to the coil system, & hence a change in the induced current.

A schematic of a typical inductance transducer /differential transformer/ is given in Fig. 2. A rod 5 causes a sensing shaft 4 to move, which in turn displaces an armature 2 placed between cores. Primary windings Z1 & Z2 use ac excitation & are put in series so

that when the armature is centered, i.e. air gaps are equal, magnetic {luxes in cores 1 & 3 are in equilibrium, secondaries Z3 & Z4 are identical but connected to oppose each other, so that when the armature is centered the; output is zero. When the armature is moved to the center, while ac excitation is applied to the coil system, the.reluctance path changes upsetting the magnetic flux equilibrium in the cores 1 & 3, varying the induced voltage in the secondaries. The output current Will thus be the quantity derived from the difference between the enduced emf’s. Such devices are often referred to as variable air gap inductance transducers. Inductance transducers show many advantages which can be summarized as follows:

- high sensitivity due to a large number of turns in the secondaries;

Fig. 2. Inductance-bridge transducer.

- possibility of measuring very small displacements up to a

micrometer; ,s

- absence of electric contacts which render these devices highly reliable where frequent make & break of control circuits is anticipated.

Inductance transducers are very popular & exist in many versions to meet various designs of equipment.

37. /40 мин./ Внимательно прочтите следующие три рассказа и напишите ответы на вопросы.

Matter of a Few Seconds

1. How did T.A Edison make one of his greatest discoveries -the electric bulb? 2. What did Sir Isaac Newton think about while getting his lunch ready? 3. Why was Newton called an absent-minded professor? 4. What, did M.V. Lomonosov study in Germany?

Now I feel I must tell you,how Thomas A.Edison /1847-1931/ made one of his greatest discoveries. It happened like this. One summer evening in 1879 a glow worm sat on a pear which Mr Edison was about to eat. This incident set him thinking for a time. Then he exclaimed joyfully: “Of course! Now 1 know!”, &...the electric bulb was invented...

An Absent-Minded Professor

Sir Isaac Newton /1642-1727/ was what you may call an “absent-minded professor”. One day, when Mrs Newton came home unexpectedly, Sir Isaac Was getting his lunch ready but... apparently he was not thinking of what he was doing; His thoughts were on his corpuscular theory, splitting of light & the law of gravitation. The gravitation constant - he whispered - is the accelaration per second that a mass of one gram causes at a distance of one centimetre - & little he did seem to realize he was holding an egg in his hand. Presently, as he looked at it, steam was coming out of a small pot where his watch'was boiling hard...

A Scientist from a Peasant Family

Mikhail Lomonosov/1711-1765/ was born into a peasant family in a village near Arkhangelsk not far from the sea. In December 1730 he ran away from home, his destination Moscow, to fulfil his dream of studying. By pretending to be the son of a priest, Lomonosov enrolled,in the Slavo-Greek-Latin Academy. He completed the Academy’s eight-year course in just five years & was theh sent to St.PetersbuTg, to the Academy of Sciences’ University there; In 1736 Lomonosov was sent to study in Germany. He studied chemistry, physics, mechanics, mining techniques, & languages, & also began to write poetry. Returhing to.Russia in 1741 he resumed work at the Academy of Sciences. He made a large number of discoveries in various fields of knowledge & was also a leading figure in Russia’s enlightenment.

38. /15 мин./ Парная работа. Используя изученный материал, поговорите С партнером о важных научных Открытиях и об их авторах.