Т.Ю.Кущ, М.С.ВоловникАнглийский язык для судовых электромехаников. ENGLISH FOR MARINE ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS. 1986

Модальный оттенок.

Пример. Поглощение в этой области слишком слабое, чтобы его можно было заметить.

3) Деепричастие.

Пример. Элементарные ячейки перегруппировались, образуя новую форму.

E. g. The result that is to be expected is important for our investigation.

II. Must (may, can)+have+3-a форма смыслового глагола.

E. g. He must have finished his experiment.

4) Определительное придаточное предложение. Указание на действие в будущем. Пример. Результат, который следует ожидать, важен для нашего исследования.

II. Вводные слова: должно быть, возможно, вероятно. Пример. Дожно быть, он (уже) закончил опыт.

Now run over the text, read the sentences with Infinitives and translate them into Russian.

11 1

Read the words and determine Nouns and Gerunds:

a) the reading; b) reading; c) the coating; d) washing; e) during; f) treatment; g) treating; h) of making; i) postponing.

12 3

Read the word-combinations and point out Participle and Gerund constructions:

a) without violent decomposition occurring; b) the work (being) finished;

c) with all the adverse influence acting jointly; d) due to the organism having to increase; e) has led to the yield having dropped; f) the readings of this device; g) no hope of our getting high level; h) with the electron centred partially; i) the product with analysis corresponding to.

13 4

Read the sentences and define in each of them the meaning of the word “number”.

1. We back numbers are awfully anxious to find out why we cannot appreciate the new staff. 2. He had not been able to place her, get her number, that was evident. 3. Take myself — I choose that example be^ cause 1after all number one is what I know most about. 4. The result is expressed mathematically in broken number. 5. This song is one of the hottest numbers nowadays. 6. I must say its hours are numbered. You must replace it as soon as possible.

14 7

Read the text and explain the different functions of “-ed” forms. Retell the text in Russian.

15 30 Home exercise. See ex. 15, Unit 1.

16 6

Translate the sentences at sight. Mind Participles.

1. Some of the above mentioned effects are discussed in the following chapter. 2. The new instrument being developed in this plant will be tested in two weeks. 3. Materials conducting electricity are termed conductors. 4. The phenomenon observed during the test was investigated experimentally. 5. Lacking two bolts we could not assemble the machine.

6. Having been adjusted by the operator the motor continued to work.

7. In magnetic materials, such as iron' and steel, the molecules themselves are tiny magnets, each of them having a north pole. 8. The flow of current being reduced, the speed of the motor is correspondingly decreased.

17 6

In what sentences are “-ing” forms of Participle I?

1. Such mutual repulsions increase with increasing size of the atoms concerned. 2. Going to the port I met the surveyor. 3. This is a good recording. 4. Finding a short circuit is sometimes difficult. 5. Expensive tests were conducted with varying air-flows and loads, with checks being made on current balance, temperature rise and general performance. 6. There problems can be overcome by improving the design. 7. The cur-

rent decreasing, an emf is induced in the direction-which coincides with that of the current, thus opposing the decrease of current. 8. On studying the Leyden jar Franklin began thinking that lighting was a strong-spark of electricity.

18 5

What is the function of Participle II in the following sentences?

1. Just how increased inductive power affects the electron bonds is not clear at present, however. 2. Being received the case was opened.

3. Equation 22 is simply a rearrangement of Eq. 20, with summation substituted for integration. 4. The aspirator, with its upper chamber full of water, is connected to the train.

19 8

Give the exact translation.

Automation

To the layman, largely guided by the popular press, “automation” appears as a startling modern invention which will lead to the wholesale establishment of automatic factories and the building of automatic ships. To the engineer automation is merely a contemporary phase in the process of technical evolution that has gone on continuously since the first crude machine. The engineer’s aim has always been to make the best use of machines, materials and money. The answer, of course, does not lie in the mass installation of “black boxes”, electronic or otherwise. It lies in the ingenuity and breadth of vision of the people involved in designing the control system.

The primary aims of control are to reduce the inefficiencies inevitably associated with human machine minding. A complete elimination of human judgement is quite impracticable. However highly developed an automatic system may become the skill and experience of the trained operator will still be essential.

20 20

Home exercise. Choose a suitable title for the story and give reasons for your choice. Be prepared to dwell on the subject expanding the examples from the story.

Now I feel I must tell you how Thomas Alva Edison (1847—1931) made one of his greatest discoveries. It happened like this.

One summer evening in 1879 a glow worm sat on a pear which Mr, Edison was about to eat. This incident set him thinking for a time. T|hen he exclaimed joyfully: “Of course! Now I know!”, and . . . the electric bulb was invented.. .

Hometask: Ex. 10, 15, 20.

The third class period

21 3

Listen to the\ sentences and define in each of them the meaning of the word “set”.

1. Clear input permits to reset counter at any time. 2. Data inputs and load input are for presetting counter to desirable initial number before counting of clock pulses. 3. The table shows the technical data of standard electrical equipment sets. 4. The level of the voltage is set by the voltage adjusting potentiometer.

Listen to two recorded texts about wattmeters. Which of these texts contain the most interesting information for electricians? Compare the description of these two wattmeters.

A

A wattmeter is used to measure the value of power. It is connected to the circuit directly. A wattmeter consists of coils: two fixed coils and a coil which moves in the magnetics field produced by the fixed coils.. Wire used for the coils must have a high resistance. The fixed coils are in series with the load, the moving coil is connected across the line in series with a resistance. When a wattmeter is used, the reading on its scale shows the value of power being used.

В

The text from ex. 23, Section I, Unit 2, Figure 4 will help you.

Fig. 4. Operation of the wattmeter

23 6

Fulfil or explain the following:

1. Name inputs of synchronous counters.

2. Name outputs of synchronous counters.

3. Explain the sequence of operations of the counters.

4. Diagram the construction and principle of operation of the counters.

24 5

Record your answers on a tape.

1. What should be done before counting of clock pulses?

2. What feature allows the counters to be used as module-N dividers?

3. How would you know that you have the direction of counting correctly determined?