Agnia Grigas - Beyond Crimea

92. “V Kazakhstane nostal’giruyut po SSSR,” Respublika, 16 March 2013, http://www.respublika-kaz.info/news/society/29282/.

93. Peyrouse interview.

94. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Kommentariy departamenta informatsii i pechati MID , 21 April 2014, http://www.mid.ru/brp_4.nsf/newsline/3FFD899DE26AB99044257CC100337622.

95. Lena Johnson, Tajikistan in the New Central Asia: Geopolitics, Great Power Rivalry and Radical Islam (London: I. B. Tauris, 2006), p. 42.

96. Muriel Atkin, “Tajikistan: Reform, Reaction and Civil War,” in New States, New Politics: Building the Post-Soviet Nations , ed. Ian Bremmer and Ray Taras (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), pp. 619–20.

97. Anuradha M. Chenoy, The Making of New Russia (New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications, 2001), p. 155.

98. Andres Smith Serrano, “CIS Peacekeeping in Tajikistan,” in Regional Peacekeepers: The Paradox of Russian Peacekeeping , ed. John Mackinlay and Peter Cross (Tokyo: UN University Press, 2003), pp. 178–79.

99. Catherine Poujol, “The Tajik Conflict and the Wider World,” in Tajikistan: The Trials of Independence , ed. Mohammad-Reza Djalibi, Frederic Grare, and Shirin Akiner (London: Routledge, 1998), p. 115.

100. Chenoy, The Making of New Russia , p. 155.

101. Nichol, “Tajikistan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests,” p. 14.

102. Miriam Elder, “Kyrgyzstan Tests Russia’s Regional Commitments,” globalpost, 15 June 2010, http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/russia/100614/kyrgyzstan-ethnic-violence.

103. Brian Whitmore, “Sphere of Reluctance: Russia Hesitant About Kyrgyz Intervention,” Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 15 June 2010, http://www.rferl.org/content/Sphere_Reluctance_Russia_Hesitant_Kyrgyz_Intervention/2072776.html.

104. The Russian minority in Eastern Kazakhstan region makes up 14 percent of the total Russian population in Kazakhstan, that in Karaganda (central Kazakhstan) also makes up 14 percent, in Almaty (south Kazakhstan) 12 percent, and in Kostanay region (north Kazakhstan) (north Kazakhstan) 10 percent. Kazakhstan Statistics, “Ethnic Composition of the Population of Kazakhstan at the Beginning of 2014,” Agency of Statistics, Almaty, 2014.

105. Assambleya Naroda Kazakhstana, “Deyatel’nost’ Assambley Naroda Kazakhstana,” http://www.assembly.kz/ru/deyatelnost-assamblei-naroda-kazahastana.

106. Peyrouse, “The Russian Minority in Central Asia,” pp. 10–12.

107. According to 2014 data of the Russian federal agency Rossotrudnichestvo, Predstavitel’stvo Rossotrudnichestva v Respublike Kazakhstan, “organizatsii rossiyskikh sootchestvennikov v Respublike Kazakhstan,” http://kaz.rs.gov.ru/node/16.

108. Ibid.

109. The main purpose is defined as the provision of “resources and all other kinds of support to the teaching of Russian language, literature, culture, and history” in Kazakhstan. “Katalog russkikh tsentrov,” Russkiy Mir, http://www.russkiymir.ru/rucenter/catalogue.php.

110. Yekaterina Shcherbakova, “Dolya titul’noy natsional’nosti vozrastayet vo vsekh stranakh SNG krome Rossii,” Demoskop, June 2013, http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2013/0559/barom02.php; Nikita Mkrtchyan and Bulat Sarygulov, “Izmeneniyr etnicheskogo sostava naseleniya,” in Naseleniye Kyrgyzstana v nachale XXI veka , ed. Mikhail Denisenko (Bishkek: Fond OON, 2011), pp. 82–92.

111. Koordinatsionnyi Sovet Rossiskikh Sootechestvennikov Respubliki Tadjikistan, http://www.russ.tj.

112. KSPSK, http://www.korsovet.kg.

113. Charles Ziegler, “The Russian Diaspora in Central Asia: Russian Compatriots and Moscow’s Foreign Policy,” Demokratizatsiya 13, no. 5 (2006): 119.

114. Peyrouse, “The Russian Minority in Central Asia,” p. 11.

115. “Soyuz” (Union), and the name “Victory’s Heirs” refer to the Soviet Union’s victory in the Second World War.

116. “Komandy-uchastniki,” http://www.soldatru.ru/game8/docs/comands.htm.

117. “Soyuz 2014—Nasledniki Pobedy,” http://soldatru.ru/game8/game.php.

118. “Organizatsionnyi plan,” 18 August 2014, http://soldatru.ru/game8/game.php.

119. “Polozheniye o provedenii Pervogo Mezhdunarodnogo sbora ‘Soyuz-2007—Issyk-Kul,’” http://www.soldatru.ru/game1/polojenie.htm.

120. Šarūnas Černiauskas, “Chemu v rossiyskom voyennom lagere uchili ‘kadetov’ iz Litvy,” ru.delfi.lt, 9 September 2014, http://ru.delfi.lt/news/live/chemu-v-rossijskom-voennom-lagere-uchili-kadetov-iz-litvy.d?id=65786078.

121. “Voyenno-patrioticheskiye sbory naslednikov Pobedy napugali natselitu Litvy,” Newsbalt, 9 October 2014, http://www.newsbalt.ru/detail/?ID=43605.

122. Peyrouse, “The Russian Minority in Central Asia,” pp. 4–10.

123. Mikhail Boyarintsev, “‘Dobrososedstvo’ i ‘vzaimovygodnoye sotrudnichestvo’ mezhdu Rossiey i Turkmenistanom: Igra v odni vorota,” Vremya Vostoka, 19 August 2010, http://www.easttime.ru/analitic/1/4/840.html.

124. “Rossiyskiye sootechestvenniki v Turkmenistane proveli vstrechu v posol’stve RF,” asgabat.net , 4 November 2011, http://www.asgabat.net/novosti/rosiiskie-sotechestveniki-v-turkmenistane-proveli-vstrechu-v-posolstve-rf.html.

125. Peyrouse, “The Russian Minority in Central Asia,” p. 4.

126. “Rossiskiye sootechestvenniki v Respublike Uzbekistan,” Russian Embassy, Uzbekistan, 16 August 2009, http://www.russia.uz/index.php/2009-08-16-10-30-58/2009-08-16-10-34-21/692-dekada2009.

127. Polina Nikol’skaya, “My nikogo ne zastavlyayem vozvrashat’sya,” Kommersant , 3 February 2014, http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2394915.

128. “Kolichestvo uyezhayushchikh russkikh iz Kazakhstana udvoilos,” yk.kz, 23 September 2011, http://www.yk.kz/news/show/11692.

129. “Tadzhiki khotyat uyekhat’ v Rossiyu kak ‘sootechestvenniki,’” BBC Russian Service, 18 November 2012, http://www.bbc.co.uk/russian/russia/2012/11/121118_tajik_compatriots.

130. “75 tysyach grazhdan Tajikistana imeyut rossiskoye grazhdanstvo,” Khovar, 15 July 2008, http://khovar.tj/rus/archive/12157-m.-shabozov-75-tysyach-grazhdan-tadzhikistana-imeyut-rossiyskoe-grazhdanstvo.html.

131. Peyrouse, “The Russian Minority in Central Asia,” p. 13.

132. Igor Zevelev, “Russia’s Policy Toward Compatriots in the Former Soviet Union,” Russia in Global Affairs , no. 1 (January–March 2008), http://eng.globalaffairs.ru/number/n_10351.

133. Bertil Nygren, The Rebuilding of Greater Russia: Putin’s Foreign Policy Towards the CIS Countries (London: Routledge, 2008), p. 203.

134. Jennet Nazarova, “The Question of Turkmen-Russian Dual Nationality,” News Central Asia, 31 March 2013, http://www.newscentralasia.net/2013/03/31/the-question-of-turkmen-russian-dual-nationality/; Rein Mullerson, Central Asia: A Chessboard and Player in the New Great Game (London: Routledge, 2007), p. 177.

135. Peyrouse, Turkmenistan: Strategies of Power, Dilemmas of Development , pp. 91–92.

136. “Kak reshayetsya ‘russki vopros’ v Turkmenii,” Russkiy Mir, 9 April 2013, http://russkiymir.ru/publications/86154/.

137. “Chego stoit zastupnichestvo Kremlya v Turkmenii?” BBC Russian Service, 4 April 2013, http://www.bbc.co.uk/russian/russia/2013/04/130404_russia_turkmenistan_compatriots.

138. Ibid.

139. Olcott, Kazakhstan: Unfulfilled Promise , pp. 56–57.

140. Mikhail Alexandrov, Uneasy Alliance: Relations Between Russia and Kazakhstan in the post-Soviet Era (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1999), pp. 125–29.

141. Azia newspaper, 13 April 1994, cited in Sally Cummings, Kazakhstan: Power and the Elite (London: I. B. Tauris, 2005), p. 82.