Robert A. Caro, Th e Path to Power: Th e Years of Lyndon Johnson (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1982), 266.
Mark Stevens, Sudden Death: Th e Rise and Fall of E.F. Hutton (New York: Penguin, 1989), 161.
Henry Kissinger, Th e White House Years (Boston: Little, Brown, 1979), 47.
David Halberstam, Th e Reckoning (New York: William Morrow, 1986); Neil Fligstein, «Th e Intraorganizational Power Struggle: Rise of Finance Personnel to Top Leadership in Large Corporations, 1919–1979», American Sociological Review 52 (1987): 44–58.
Maryann Keller, Rude Awakening: Th e Rise, Fall, and Struggle for Recovery of General Motors (New York: William Morrow, 1989), 58.
Ibid., 60–61.
Festinger, S. Schacter, and K. Back, Social! Pressures in Informal Groups (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1950).
John P. Kotter, «Power, Success, and Organizational Eff ectiveness», Organizational Dynamics 6, no. 3 (1978): 27–40.
Christopher Byron, Th e Fanciest Dive (New York: W.W. Norton, 1986).
Patrick Wright, On a Clear Day You Can See General Motors (Grosse point, MI: Wright Enterprises, 1979).
Rosabeth M. Kanter, Men and Women of the Corporation (New York: Basic Books, 1977).
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New York Times (July 15, 1978): 23.
Sally Bedell Smith, In All His Glory: Th e Life of William S. Paley (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990), 397.
David Mechanic, «Sources of Power of Lower Participants in Complex Organizations», Administrative Science Quarterly 7 (1962): 349–364.
John W. Gardner, On Leadership (New York: Free Press, 1990), 24.
Stanley Milgram, Obedience to Authority (New York: Harper and Row, 1974).
Max Weber, Th e Th eory of Social and Economic Organization (New York: Free Press, 1947).
Steven Bach, Final Cut: Dreams and Disaster in the Making of Heavens Gate (New York: William Morrow, 1985), 54.
Lynne G. Zucker, «Th e Role of Institutionalization in Cultural Persistence», American Sociological Review 42 (1977): 726–743.
R.C. Jacobs and D.T. Campbell, «Th e Perpetuation of an Arbitrary Tradition Th rough Successive Generations of a Laboratory Microculture», Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 62 (1961): 649–658.
Zucker, «Th e Role of Institutionalization», 732.
Ibid., 732–733.
J. Sterling Livingston, «Pygmalion in Management», Harvard Business Review 47 (July — August 1969): 81–89; W. Peter Archibald, «Alternative Explanations for Self-Fulfi lling Prophecy», Psychological Bulletin 81 (1974): 74–84.
Mark Snyder, «Self-Fulfi lling Stereotypes», Psychology Today 16 (July 1982): 60–68.
Lloyd H. Strickland, «Surveillance and Trust», Journal of Personality 26 (1958): 200–215.
Rosabeth M. Kanter, Men and Women of the Corporation (New York: Basic Books, 1977).
David E. Berlew and Douglas T. Hall, «Th e Socialization of Managers: Eff ects of Expectations on Performance», Administrative Science Quarterly 11 (1966): 207–223.
Maryann Keller, Rude Awakening: Th e Rise, Fall, and Struggle for Recovery of General Motors (New York: William Morrow, 1989), 66–67.
Ibid., 67.
Smith, In All His Glory, 150.
Ibid., 152.
Ibid., 153.
Ibid., 156.
Henry Kissinger, Th e White House Years (Boston: Little, Brown, 1979), 47.
Ibid., 47.
David Halberstam, Th e Best and the Brightest (New York: Random House, 1972), 79.
Ibid., 80.
M.J. Lerner and C.H. Simmons, «Observer’s Reaction to the «Innocent Victim»: Compassion or Rejection?» Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 4 (1966): 203–210.
John M, Barry, Th e Ambition and the Power (New York: Viking, 1989): 154.
Joseph W. Harder, Play for Pay: Salary Determination and the Effects of Overand Under-Reward on Individual Performance in Professional Sports (Stanford, CA: Stanford University, unpublished doctoral dissertation, 1989).
Robert A. Caro, Th e Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York (New York: Random House, 1974), 463.
James G. March and John P. Olsen, Ambiguity and Choice in Organizations (Bergen, Norway: Univcrsitetsforlaget, 1976).
Gardner, On Leadership, 8.
Martha S. Feldman and James G. March, «Information in Organizations as Signal and Symbol», Administrative Science Quarterly 26 (1981): 171–186.
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Michael Lewis, Liar’s Poker: Rising through the Wreckage on Wall Street (New York: Penguin, 1990), 61.
William L. Moore and Jeff rey Pfeff er, «Th e Relationship Between Departmental Power and Faculty Careers on Two Campuses: Th e Case for Structural Eff ects on Faculty Salaries», Research in Higher Education 13 (1980): 291–306.
Jeff rey Pfeff er and Alison Davis-Blake, «Understanding Organizational Wage Structures: A Resource Dependence Approach», Academy of Management Journal 30 (1987): 437–455.
John E. Sheridan et al., «Eff ects of Corporate Sponsorship and Departmental Power on Career Tournaments», Academy of Management Journal 33 (1990): 578–602.
John M, Barry, The Ambition and the Power (New York: Viking, 1989), 29.
Janice Lodahl and Gerald Gordon, «Th e Structure of Scientifi c Fields and the Functioning of University Graduate Departments», American Sociological Review 37 (1972): 57–72.
Janice Lodahl and Gerald Gordon, «Funding the Sciences in University Departments», Educational Record 54 (1973): 74–82.
Jeff rey Pfeff er and William L. Moore, «Power in University Budgeting: A Replication and Extension», Administrative Science Quarterly 25 (1980): 637–653.
Rosabeth M. Kanter, Men and Women of the Corporation (New York: Basic Books, 1977).
Gerald R. Salancik, Barry M. Staw, and Louis R. Pondy, «Administrative Turnover as a Response to Unmanaged Organizational Interdependence, Academy of Management Journal 23 (1980): 422–437; Jeff rey Pfeff er and William L. Moore, «Average Tenure of Academic Department Heads: Th e Eff ects of Paradigm, Size, and Departmental Demography», Administrative Science Quarterly 25 (1980): 387–406.
Alison M. Konrad and Jeff rey Pfeff er, «Do You Get What You Deserve? Factors Aff ecting the Relationship Between Productivity and Pay», Administrative Science Quarterly 35 (1990): 258–285.
Janice M. Beyer and Th omas M. Lodahl, «A Comparative Study of Patterns of Infl uence in United States and English Universities», Administrative Science Quarterly 21 (1976): 104–129.
Pfeff er and Moore, «Average Tenure of Academic Department Heads»; Salancik, Staw, and Pondy, «Administrative Turnover».
D.J. Hickson et al., «A Strategic Contingencies’ Th eory of Intraorganizational Power», Administrative Science Quarterly 16 (1971): 216–229
Setsuo Miyazawa, «Legal Departments of Japanese Corporations in the United States: A Study on Organizational Adaptation to Multiple Environments», Kobe University Law Review 20 (1986): 97–162.
Ibid., 135.
Ibid., 126.
John Dean, Blind Ambition (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1976), 30.
Ibid., 38.
Ibid., 40.
Richard M. Emerson, «Power-Dependence Relations», American Sociological Review 27 (1962): 31–41; Peter M. Blau, Exchange and Power in Social Life (New York: John Wiley, 1964).
Michel Crozier, Th e Bureaucratic Phenomenon (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964).
Robert A. Caro, Th e Power Broker; Robert Moses and the Fall of New York (New York: Random House, 1974), 464.
Ibid., 464–465.
Hickson et al, «A Strategic Contingencies’ Th eory»; C.R. Minings et al., «Structural Conditions of Intraorganizational Power», Administrative Science Quarterly 19 (1974): 216–229.
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John P. Kotter, Th e General Managers (New York: Free Press, 1982).
Hedrick Smith, Th e Power Game: How Washington Works (New York: Ballantine, 1988), 61–62.
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