Francy Powers Jr. - Spy Pilot - Francis Gary Powers, the U-2 Incident, and a Controversial Cold War Legacy
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- Название:Spy Pilot: Francis Gary Powers, the U-2 Incident, and a Controversial Cold War Legacy
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- Издательство:Prometheus Books
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- Год:2019
- Город:New York
- ISBN:978-1-63388-468-7
- Рейтинг книги:4 / 5. Голосов: 1
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Spy Pilot: Francis Gary Powers, the U-2 Incident, and a Controversial Cold War Legacy: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация
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One of the most talked-about events of the Cold War was the downing of the American U-2 spy plane piloted by Francis Gary Powers over the Soviet Union on May 1, 1960. The event was recently depicted in the Steven Spielberg movie Bridge of Spies. Powers was captured by the KGB, subjected to a televised show trial, and imprisoned, all of which created an international incident. Soviet authorities eventually released him in exchange for captured Soviet spy Rudolf Abel. On his return to the United States, Powers was exonerated of any wrongdoing while imprisoned in Russia, yet a cloud of controversy lingered until his untimely death in 1977.
Now his son, Francis Gary Powers Jr., has written this new account of his father’s life based on personal files that have never been previously available. Delving into old audio tapes, the transcript of his father’s debriefing by the CIA, other recently declassified documents about the U-2 program, and interviews with his contemporaries, Powers sets the record straight. The result is a fascinating piece of Cold War history.
Almost sixty years after the event, this will be the definitive account of a famous Cold War incident, one proving that Francis Gary Powers acted honorably through a trying ordeal in service to his country.
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11. David Lawrence, “Khrushchev Believes Kennedy Victory Represents Apology for U-2 Incident,” LaCrosse (Wisconsin) Tribune/New York Herald Tribune syndicate, January 4, 1961, p. 6.
12. Powers tapes.
13. Ibid.
14. Powers and Gentry, Operation Overflight , p. 235.
15. Unnamed staff, “Powers, in Letter from Soviet, ‘Sure’ U-2 Itself Did Not Explode,” New York Times , September 27, 1960, p. 1.
16. Francis G. Powers, letter to the editor, New York Times , September 27, 1960.
17. Beschloss, Mayday , p. 356.
18. Unnamed contributor, “Dr. James B. Donovan, 53, Dies; Lawyer Arranged Spy Exchange,” New York Times , January 20, 1970, p. 43.
19. James B. Donovan, Strangers on a Bridge (New York: Atheneum, 1964), p. 264–65.
20. Garrett Epps, “The Real Case Behind Bridge of Spies,” Atlantic , November 17, 2015, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/11/abel-bridge-of-spies/416325/.
21. Oliver Powers, letter to Rudolf Abel, June 2, 1960. Powers Family Archives.
22. Powers tapes.
23. Jeff Gammage, “Swarthmore Prof Was Snared in ‘Bridge of Spies’ Case,” Philadelphia Inquirer , October 25, 2015, http://www.philly.com/philly/education/20151025_Swarthmore_prof_was_snared_in__Bridge_of_Spies__case.html.
24. Powers and Gentry, Operation Overflight .
25. Powers tapes.
26. Washington Daily News , February 10, 1962.
27. Peter Braestrup, “U-2 Pilot Is Reunited with Parents under Extreme Security,” New York Times , February 11, 1962, p. 1.
28. Associated Press, “Predawn Telephone Calls Bring Powerses Surprising, Good News,” Courier-Journal (Louisville, KY), February 11, 1962, p. 1.
29. Associated Press, “I Can’t Sleep… I’m Too Excited,” says Powers’ wife in Georgia,” Redlands (California) Daily Facts , February 12, 1962, p. 1.
30. Powers tapes.
31. Ibid.
32. John D. Morris, “Powers Fulfilled His Contract, U-2 Inquiry Thus Far Shows,” New York Times , February 22, 1962, p. 1.
33. Powers and Gentry, Operation Overflight .
34. Ibid.
35. New York Times News Service, “Pilot Blasted for Attempt to Save Self,” Los Angeles Times , August 26, 1960, p. 1.
36. Paul Healey and Jerry Greene, “Powers Talks: The U-2 Story,” Washington Daily News , March 7, 1962, p. 1.
37. Beschloss, Mayday , p. 354.
38. Staff, “Text of CIA Chief’s Report on Powers Inquiry and Excerpt from Pilot’s Statement,” New York Times , March 7, 1962, p. 12.
39. Executive Sessions of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Volume 12, 86th Cong., Report on the U-2 Incident .
40. Ian Fleming, “Gary Powers and the Big Lie,” Sunday Times (London), March 11, 1962.
41. Baugh, manuscript.
42. Ibid.
43. Ibid.
44. Ibid.
45. Dr. James Baugh, letter to Francis Gary Powers, November 25, 1961. Reprinted with permission of Baugh family.
46. Powers and Gentry, Operation Overflight , p. 287.
47. Tom Fitzpatrick, “Another Scapegoat Talks, but Few Listen,” Chicago Sun-Times , July 1, 1973.
48. Powers tapes.
49. Fitzpatrick, “Another Scapegoat Talks.”
50. Don Page, “Former U-2 Pilot Reconnoiters Freeways Now,” Los Angeles Times , March 1, 1973, part 4, pp. 1 and 24.
51. Ibid.
52. Francis Gary Powers, letter to the Church Commission, September 17, 1975.
CHAPTER FIVE: LOST IN A CROWD
1. Dale Fetherling, “Wreckage of Powers Helicopter Examined,” Los Angeles Times , August 2, 1977, part 1, p. 3.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
CHAPTER SIX: SEARCHING FOR THE TRUTH
1. Greg E. Norman, “Son of the Cold War Won’t Let Era Be Buried,” Los Angeles Times , March 6, 1997, part 3, p. 1.
2. Francis Gary Powers Jr., letter to Department of Defense Civilian/Military Service Review Board, August 7, 1997. Powers Family Archives.
3. James D. Johnston, letter to Francis Gary Powers Jr., Powers Family Archives.
4. Ibid., chap. 4, p. 178.
5. Colonel R. Philip Deavel, letter to Francis Gary Powers Jr., November 22, 1999. Powers Family Archives.
6. “Bob Gilliland Intro to Gary Powers 2000 Hall of Fame,” 2000 enshrinement ceremony, Kentucky Aviation Hall of Fame, YouTube video, 4:48, September 18, 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vn7kqDZcQno.
7. Ibid.
8. Mrs. Francis Gary Powers, letter to General J. R. Dailey, April 17, 2004. Powers Family Archives.
CHAPTER SEVEN: VOICE FROM THE GRAVE
1. Personal tapes of Francis Gary Powers, 1969.
2. Ibid.
3. CIA de-briefing transcript of Francis Gary Powers, February 1962. (Very lightly edited, for ease of readability.)
4. The Last Overflights of the Soviet Union, 1959–60 (Washington, DC: National Security Agency Report, June 25, 2013), chap. 4, p. 185.
5. John McMahon, CIA interview, December 4, 1997, and February 4, 1998. Declassified 2010.
6. Harry Cordes, Oral History, Roadrunners Internationale, http://roadrunnersinternationale.com/cordes_u-2.html.
7. CIA de-briefing transcript.
8. Prettyman Board investigation into the U-2 Incident, transcript of interviews, 1962.
9. CIA de-briefing transcript.
10. Francis Gary Powers, letter to Oliver and Ida Powers, September 6, 1960. Powers Family Archives.
11. Ida Powers, letter to Francis Gary Powers, September 17, 1960. Powers Family Archives.
12. CIA de-briefing transcript.
13. Powers tapes.
14. Francis Gary Powers, personal journal, written while being confined in Soviet prison, 1960–62.
15. CIA de-briefing transcript.
16. Cordes, Oral History.
17. Powers, personal journal.
18. CIA de-briefing transcript.
19. Prettyman investigation, transcript of interviews.
20. CIA de-briefing transcript.
21. Powers tapes.
22. CIA de-briefing transcript.
23. Francis Gary Powers, letter to Barbara Powers, May 26, 1960. Powers Family Archives.
24. Francis Gary Powers, letter to Oliver and Ida Powers, June 21, 1960. Powers Family Archives.
25. Powers, personal journal.
26. Francis Gary Powers, letter to Barbara Powers, June 28, 1960. Powers Family Archives.
27. CIA de-briefing transcript.
28. Powers, personal journal.
29. Powers tapes.
30. Francis Gary Powers, letter to Barbara Powers, July 19, 1960. Powers Family Archives.
31. Francis Gary Powers, letter to Barbara Powers, 1960. Powers Family Archives.
32. Powers, personal journal.
33. Ibid.
34. Powers tapes.
35. Ibid.
36. Francis Gary Powers, letter to Barbara Powers, September 5, 1960. Powers Family Archives.
37. Oliver and Ida Powers, letter to Francis Gary Powers, September 12, 1960. Powers Family Archives.
38. Powers, personal journal.
39. Francis Gary Powers, letter to Barbara Powers, September 21, 1960. Powers Family Archives.
40. Powers, personal journal.
41. Francis Gary Powers, letter to Barbara Powers, January 16, 1961. Powers Family Archives.
42. Francis Gary Powers, letter to Oliver and Ida Powers, Undated 1961, Powers Family Archives.
43. Oliver and Ida Powers, letter to Francis Gary Powers, January 27, 1961. Powers Family Archives.
44. Francis Gary Powers, letter to Barbara Powers, March 1, 1961. Powers Family Archives.
45. Powers, personal journal.
46. Prettyman investigation, transcript of interviews.
47. Powers tapes.
48. CIA de-briefing transcript.
49. Powers, personal journal.
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