Андрей Солдатов: The Red Web: The Struggle Between Russia's Digital Dictators and the New Online Revolutionaries

Kathy Lally, Will Englund, and William Booth, “Russian Parliament Approves Use of Troops in Ukraine,” Washington Post , March 1, 2014, www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/russian-parliament-approves-use-of-troops-in-crimea/2014/03/01/d1775f70-a151–11e3-a050-dc3322a94fa7_story.html.

The archive of NTV coverage is available on the site of NTV, March 1, 2014, www.ntv.ru/2014/03/01.

Roskomnadzor news, “Po trebaniyu Generalnoy Prokuraturi prekrashen dostup k soobshestvam urkainskikh nationalisticheskikh organizatciy v socialnoy seti ‘VKontakte’” [At the Request of the General Prosecutor’s Office Access Discontinued to Communities of Ukrainian Nationalist Organizations in the Social Network ‘VKontakte’], March 3, 2014, http://rkn.gov.ru/news/rsoc/news24185.htm.

“Russia Lenta.ru Editor Timchenko Fired in Ukraine Row,” BBC, March 12, 2014, www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26543464; Roskomnadzor statement could be found here: http://rkn.gov.ru/news/rsoc/news24418.htm.

Address by president of the Russian Federation, March 18, 2014, Kremlin.ru, http://eng.kremlin.ru/transcripts/6889.

“Ogranichen dostup k ryadu internet-resursov, rasprostranyavshikh prizyvi k nesanktcionirovannim massovim meropriatyam” [Access Restricted to a Number of Internet Resources, Distributing Calls to Unauthorized Mass Event], Roskomnadzor news, March 13, 2014, http://rkn.gov.ru/news/rsoc/news24447.htm.

Nikita Likhachev, “Genprokuratura zablokirovala blog Navalnogo, saiti Echa Mosckvy, Grani.Ru, Kasparov.Ru I Ezh.Ru” [General Prosecutor’s Office Has Blocked Navalny Blog, the Sites Echo of Moscow, Grani.ru, Kasparov.ru, and EZh.ru], Tjournal.ru, March 13, 2014, http://tjournal.ru/paper/kasparov-grani-ej.

Viktor Shenderovich, “Putin I devochka na konkakh” [Putin and a Girl on Skates], Ej.ru, February 10, 2014, http://ej.ru/?a=note&id=24384.

Agora, a human rights group based in Kazan that provides legal advocacy for victims of suspected human rights abuses, with a focus on journalists, political activists, bloggers, and NGOs, provided a lawyer, Damir Gainutdinov, to help the blocked sites in court, but eventually, despite all efforts, they failed.

Nikita Likhachev, “Polzovateli pozhalovalis na blokirovku saita LifeNews” [Users Complained of the Blocking by the Site LifeNews], Tjournal, March 17, 2014, http://tjournal.ru/paper/lifenews-block.

Ruslan Leviev, interview with authors, August 2014.

Leviev’s post on LiveJournal, “Kak rabotaet mechanism blokirovok Roskomnadzora” [How the Mechanism of Blocking by Roskomnadzor Works], April 22, 2014, http://ruslanleviev.livejournal.com/34401.html.

Ksenia Boletskaya, “Roskomnadzoru pokazivayut kotyat vmesto saita Navalnogo” [Roskomnadzor Is Shown Kittens Instead of the Site of Navalny], Vedomosti , April 21, 2014, www.vedomosti.ru/technology/articles/2014/03/21/roskomnadzoru-pokazyvayut-kotyat-vmesto-sajta-navalnogo.

“70th Anniversary of Lifting of Siege of Leningrad,” Kremlin.ru, January 27, 2014, http://eng.kremlin.ru/news/6573.

Natalia Sindeeva, interview with authors, August 2014.

Natalia Krainova and Anna Dolgov, “Cable Providers Drop Independent Dozhd TV Amid Pressure,” Moscow Times , January 29, 2014, www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/cable-providers-drop-independent-dozhd-tv-amid-pressure/493576.html. See also Will Englund, “Russian TV Channel Takes Flak Just for Asking: ‘Should Leningrad Have Surrendered?’” Washington Post , January 30, 2014, www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/russian-tv-channel-takes-flak-just-for-asking-should-leningrad-have-surrendered/2014/01/30/c1455812–89c0–11e3–833c-33098f9e5267_story.html.

Sindeeva, interview, August 2014.

“Peskov: telekanal Dozhd pereshev vse grani dopustimogo” [Peskov: TV Dozhd Crossed the Line of the Permissible], Interfax, January 29, 2014, www.interfax.ru/russia/354742.

“Putin—Dozhdu: Ya sdelayu vse, chtobi izbavit vas ot izbitochnogo vnimania kontroliruyushikh organov” [Putin—Dozhd: I’ll Do Anything to Save You from Excessive Attention to Regulatory Bodies], TV Dozhd, April 17, 2014, http://tvrain.ru/articles/putin_dozhdju_ja_sdelaju_vse_chtoby_izbavit_vas_ot_izbytochnogo_vnimanija_kontrolirujuschih_organov-367069.

“Putin—Dozhdu: I ne daval kommandu kabelshikam prekrashat rabotu s vami” [Putin—Rain, I Did Not Command Cable Manufacturers to Stop Working with You], TV Dozhd, June 6, 2014, http://tvrain.ru/articles/putin_dozhdju_ja_ne_daval_komandu_kabelschikam_prekraschat_rabotu_s_vami-369587.

The TV Dozhd staff found the new premises only in 2015, at the former factory of Flakon.

Glenn Kates, “Moscow Freaks Out About Federalization Rally… In Siberia,” Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, March 6, 2014, www.rferl.org/content/russia-separatism-rally-siberia/26515418.html.

BBC World Service statement regarding interview with Artem Loskutov, BBC Media center, August 5, 2014, www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/statements/artem-loskutov.

“Roskomnadzor dobralsya I do ukrainskikh SMI” [Roskomnadzor Reached Ukrainian Media], BBC Ukrainian service, August 4, 2014, www.bbc.co.uk/ukrainian/ukraine_in_russian/2014/08/140804_ru_s_roskomnadzor_restricting_access.

Miriam Elder, “Russia Threatens to Ban BuzzFeed,” BuzzFeed.com, December 6, 2014, www.buzzfeed.com/miriamelder/russia-threatens-to-ban-buzzfeed#.wy34B5ad.

VKontakte was also under pressure. Pavel Durov’s brother Nikolai, who also used to work in VKontakte, posted a message on his page on Sunday, December 22, that on this day alone VKontakte got fifty-three requests from Roskomnadzor to block events, groups, and pages where the word Navalny is mentioned. For details, see http://geektimes.ru/post/243309.

Ilya Kuvakin and Daria Luganskaya, “V Facebook zablokirovali stranitsu gruppi v podderzhku” [Facebook Blocked a Group Page in Support of Navalny], RBC, December 20, 2014, www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/5495b98a9a7947bb5e5f3e5a.

Andrew Roth and David M. Herszenhorn, “Facebook Page Goes Dark, Angering Russia Dissidents,” New York Times , December 22, 2014, www.nytimes.com/2014/12/23/world/europe/facebook-angers-russian-opposition-by-blocking-protest-page.html?_r=0.

“Istochniki Dozhdya: Facebook and Twitter otkazalis blokirovat stranitsi storonnikov Navalnogo” [Sources of Dozhd: Facebook and Twitter Refused to Block Pages for Supporters of Navalny], TV Dozhd, December 22, 2014, http://tvrain.ru/articles/istochniki_dozhdja_facebook_i_twitter_otkazalis_blokirovat_stranitsy_storonnikov_navalnogo-379720.

Maria Tsvetkova, “Kremlin Critic Navalny Given Suspended Sentence, Brother Jailed,” Reuters, December 30, 2014, www.reuters.com/article/2014/12/30/us-russia-crisis-navalny-idUSKBN0K80AA20141230.

Sasha Romantsova, interview with authors, September 2014.