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Edwin Black - IBM and the Holocaust

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Название:
IBM and the Holocaust
Автор:
Edwin Black
Издательство:
Dialog Press
Жанр:
История / на английском языке
Год:
2009
Город:
Washington, DC
ISBN:
978-0914153108
Рейтинг книги:
3 / 5. Голосов: 1
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IBM and the Holocaust: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация

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Published to extraordinary praise, this provocative international bestseller details the story of IBM’s strategic alliance with Nazi Germany.
provides a chilling investigation into corporate complicity, and the atrocities witnessed raise startling questions that throw IBM’s wartime ethics into serious doubt. Edwin Black’s monumental research exposes how IBM and its subsidiaries helped create enabling technologies for the Nazis, step-by-step, from the identification and cataloging programs of the 1930s to the selections of the 1940s.

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64. Encyclopaedia Judaica , s.v. “Yugoslavia,” p. 874; Hilberg, The Destruction of the European Jews, p. 453.

65. “Serbian Prelate Charges Killing Of 180,000 in Nazi-Invaded Croatia,” NYT , January 3, 1942.

66. Encyclopaedia Judaica , s.v. “Yugoslavia,” p. 877.

67. H.J. Carter, “Report on Card Production and Sales Statistics,” circa 1943, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60; H.B. Fellinger, Enclosure 4, July 19, 1945, p. 1, IBM Files; Hilberg, The Destruction of the European Jews, p. 453; H.J. Carter, “Miscellaneous Remarks Pertaining to the Installation of Business Machines and Application of Punched Cards in the Balkan States,” January 14, 1944, p. 5, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60.

68. H.B. Fellinger, Enclosure 2, July 14, 1945, pp. 3-4, IBM Files; William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1960), p. 1112; Letter, Lawrence G. Flick to Thomas J. Watson, September 2, 1945, NA RG59 LM197, Reel 19, Frame 372.

69. H.B. Fellinger, Enclosure 2, July 14, 1945, IBM Files; Letter, J.T. Wilson to A.E. Clattenburg, August 10, 1944, NA RG59 340.115/8-1045 XR.

70. Telegram, Chapin to Cordell Hull, September 30, 1944, NA RG59 FW351.1121 Virgile, Roger/9-2344 CS/D; also see Letter, EC to IBM, November 2, 1944, NA RG84; H.B. Fellinger, Enclosure 5, IBM Files, pp. 4, 9, 11.

71. Telegram, Chapin to Cordell Hull, September 30, 1944, NA RG59 FW351.1121 Virgile, Roger/9-2344 CS/D; Letter, Kenneth C. Krentz to Thomas J. Watson, October 9, 1944, NA RG59 State Department FW351.1121 Virgile, Roger/9-2344 CS/D; Letter, Kenneth C. Krentz to Thomas J. Watson, October 9, 1944, NA RG59 State Department FW351.1121 Virgile, Roger/9-2344 CS/D; also see Telegram, E. Caffery to Cordell Hull, October 27, 1944, NA RG59 State Department FW351.1121 Virgile, Roger/9-2344 CS/D.

72. Letter, Kenneth C. Krentz to Thomas J. Watson, October 17, 1944, NA RG59 State Department FW351.1121 Virgile, Roger/9-2344 CS/D; Letter, K.C. Krentz to Thomas J. Watson, October 31, 1944, NA RG59 State Department FW351.1121 Virgile, Roger/9-2344 CS/D; Letter, CEC to IBM, November 2, 1944, NA RG84.

73. “Jews in France Saved by Others,” NYT, December 18, 1945.

74. “Jews in France Saved by Others,” NYT, December 18, 1945; Robert Carmille, Des Apparences a la Realite: Mise Au Point, Le “Fichier Juif”: Rapport de la Commission presidee par Rene Remond au Premier Ministre (1996), p. 13.

75. Memorandum No.3833, Colette Meyer to NA RG59 351.115 International Business Machine Corp./11-2645; also see Letter, J.T. Wilson to A.E. Clattenburg, August 10, 1944, NA RG59 340.115/8-1045 XR.

76. Connally, p. E-10; “Allies Offer Swiss Nazi Asset Share,” NYT , April 4, 1946; also see “Swiss Stand Firm on German Assets,” NYT , April 8, 1946; also see “Coercion on Funds Futile, Swiss Hold,” NYT , April 13, 1946; also see “Swiss Concede Point on German Assets,” NYT, April 19, 1946; also see “Swiss to Yield 50% of German Assets,” NYT, May 22, 1946; also see “Accord on Assets Faces Swiss Fire,” NYT , May 27, 1946; also see “Swiss To Debate Liquidation Pact,” NYT, June 24, 1946.

77. “Investigation in the New York Agencies of Swiss Banks by the Treasury Department, Washington, June 2, 1942, cited in www.ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/potomac/doc13.html, pp. 1-2.

78. Letter, D.W. Bell to Thomas J. Watson, July 13, 1942, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60.

79. Letter, D.W. Bell to Thomas J. Watson, July 13, 1942, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60.

80. Letter, Thomas J. Watson to D.W. Bell, July 20, 1942, and Letter, D.W. Bell to Thomas J. Watson, July 13, 1942, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60.

81. Confidential Report, IBM Suisse to J.T. Wilson, October 4, 1943, NA RG84; H.J. Carter, “Memorandum for the Files,” May 16, 1944, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60.

82. “S.A.Watson Italiana: Confidential Report 287,” pp. 6, 7, submitted by Harold J. Carter, February 21, 1944, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60; also see Letter, W.C. Lier to D. Reagan, May 8, 1942, NA RG84.

83. Internal IBM Memorandum, circa May 1945, pp. 1-2, NA RG84; “S.A.Watson Italiana: Confidential Report 287,” p. 7, submitted by Harold J. Carter, February 21, 1944, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60.

84. Internal IBM Memorandum, circa May 1945, pp. 1-4, NA RG84.

85. Internal IBM Memorandum, circa May 1945, pp. 1-4, NA RG84; also see Transcript, Telephone Conversation between J.W. Schotte and W.C. Lier, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60.

86. Internal IBM Memorandum, circa May 1945, pp. 1, 2, 3-4, 5, NA RG84.

87. Internal IBM Memorandum, circa May 1945, p. 5, NA RG84.

88. Internal IBM Memorandum, circa May 1945, pp. 1-2, NA RG84; also see W.C. Lier, “Chronological Record of Events in Connection with the Proclaimed Lists of Switzerland-IBM Geneva Office,” circa 1945, NA RG84.

89. Letter, F. De Asua to F.W. Nichol, March 10, 1943, NA RG84; also see Letter, J.J. Rein-stein to F.W. Nichol, August 14, 1943, NA RG84; also see “Card Production and Sales Statistics,” circa 1943, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60; also see “S.A.Watson Italiana: Confidential Report 287,” p. 6, submitted by Harold J. Carter, February 21, 1944, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60.

90. Letter, W.C. Lier to P.C. Squire, April 29, 1942, pp. 1-2, NA RG84.

91. Letter, W.C. Lier to D. Reagan, May 8, 1942, NA RG84.

92. Internal IBM Memorandum, circa May 1945, pp. 3, 4, NA RG84.

93. Cablegram, W.C. Lier to IBM New York, July 21, 1942, NA RG84; Internal IBM Memorandum, circa May 1945, p. 5, NA RG84.

94. Internal IBM Memorandum, circa May 1945, p. 2, NA RG84.

95. Internal IBM Memorandum, circa May 1945, p. 5, NA RG84.

96. Internal IBM Memorandum, circa May 1945, p. 5, NA RG84.

97. IBM Application for License to Secretary of Treasury, License No. 223994, September 18, 1941, p. 1, NA RG59 State Department 840.51 Frozen Credits/4064; Letter, J.G. Phillips to Cordell Hull, October 10, 1941, NA RG59 State Department 840.51 Frozen Credits/4064.

98. “S.A. Watson Italiana: Confidential Report 287,” p. 6, submitted by Harold J. Carter, February 21, 1944, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60; “CEC I.B.M. Subsidiary in France: Confidential Report 332,” pp. 1-2, submitted by Harold J. Carter, April 10, 1944, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60; Letter, D. Reagan to W.C. Lier, June 11, 1942, NA RG84.

99. Cablegram, C. Delcour to F.W. Nichol, November 17, 1941, IBM Files; also see Letter, W.C. Lier to H.K. Chauncey, October 10, 1941, IBM Files; also see Letter, W.C. Lier to Thomas J. Watson, October 9, 1941, IBM Files; also see Nancy Foy, The Sun Never Sets on IBM (New York: William Morrow & Company, Inc., 1975), pp. 30, 31; Letter, W.C. Lier to P.C. Squire, April 29, 1942, pp. 1, 2, NA RG84; also see Internal IBM Memorandum, circa May 1945, pp. 1, 2, 3, 5, NA RG84.

100. Letter, W.C. Lier to P.C. Squire, April 29, 1942, pp. 1-2, NA RG84.

101. Letter, W.C. Lier to P.C. Squire, April 29, 1942, pp. 1-2, NA RG84.

102. Letter, G. Daufresne de la Chevalerie to J.T. Wilson, August 4, 1939, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60.