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P. Smith - Doomsday Men

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Название:
Doomsday Men
Автор:
P. D. Smith
Издательство:
Allen Lane
Жанр:
История / Культурология / sci_popular / на английском языке
Год:
2007
Город:
London
ISBN:
9780141910321
Рейтинг книги:
3 / 5. Голосов: 1
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It was the weapon to end all weapons: the doomsday device. A huge nuclear bomb so powerful that it could envelop the entire planet in a cloud of radioactive dust, and bring about instant extinction.
This is the untold story of the Cold War’s most insane plan, the men behind it and how it nearly happened. It is also the history of humanity’s nightmare vision of a superweapon, showing how popular culture – from the stories of H. G. Wells and Jules Verne to films such as
,
and
itself – has both shaped and reflected our darkest dreams.

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64. Robert Barr, ‘The Doom of London’, The Idler , 2 (1893), 399, 400.

65. Densil Neve Barr, The Man with Only One Head (London: Digit Books, 1962; 1st edn 1955), 5, 30, 48.

66. ibid., 43.

67. Philip Wylie, Tomorrow! (New York: Popular Library, 1963; 1st edn 1954), 272.

68. ibid., 273–4.

69. ibid., 274, 286.

70. Agatha Christie, Destination Unknown (Glasgow: Fontana, 1975; 1st edn 1954), 9. Many thanks to Rebecca Hurst for bringing this novel to my attention.

71. ibid., 49, 55.

72. William Tenn, ‘The Sickness’, Infinity Science Fiction (Nov. 1955); in William Tenn, Time in Advance (London: Panther, 1966), 96.

73. Nevil Shute, On the Beach (London: Heinemann, 1957), 40, 89.

74. Spencer R. Weart, Nuclear Fear: A History of Images (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1988), 218.

75. Stanley Kramer, dir., On the Beach (MGM, 1959).

76. Shute, 268–9.

77. Whitley Strieber, The Day After Tomorrow (London: Gollancz, 2004),

249.

78. Martin Gilbert, Churchill: A Life (London: Heinemann, 1991), 952.

79. Edward Teller with Judith Shoolery, Memoirs: A Twentieth-Century Journey in Science and Politics (Cambridge, Mass.: Perseus, 2001), 445.

80. Edward Teller with Albert L. Latter, Our Nuclear Future: Facts, Dangers and Opportunities (New York: Criterion, 1958), 134–6.

81. Teller, Memoirs , 445.

82. Edward Teller with Allen Brown, The Legacy of Hiroshima (New York: Doubleday, 1962), 239–43.

83. J. B. Priestley, quoted in David Seed, ‘Introduction’, Mordecai Roshwald, Level 7 (University of Wisconsin Press, 2004), p. xviii.

84. Mordecai Roshwald, ‘Looking Back in Wonder’, ibid., p. xxx.

85. Roshwald, Level 7 , 102.

86. Stanley Kramer, dir., On the Beach (MGM, 1959).

87. Roshwald, Level 7 , 127.

88. ibid., 182.

89. Bertolt Brecht, Leben des Galilei (Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp, 1972), scene 14, 126; my trans. On Brecht and physics, see P. D. Smith, ‘German Literature and the Scientific World-View in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries’, Journal of European Studies , 27 (1997), 389–415; and P. D. Smith, Metaphor and Materiality: German Literature and the World-View of Science 1780–1955 (Oxford: European Humanities Research Centre, 2000), 265–318.

90. Bruce Chatwin, In Patagonia (London: Vintage, 1998), 3. Thanks to Susan Ng for drawing this passage to my attention.

Chapter 19

1. ‘October, 1962 – The Cuba Crisis: Nuclear War Was Hours Away’, Newsweek (28 Oct. 1963), 18.

2. Anthony Lewis, ‘President Grave’, NYT (23 Oct. 1962),1, 18.

3. ibid.

4. ‘October, 1962 – The Cuba Crisis’, 18.

5. ibid., 19.

6. Szilard, quoted in William Lanouette with Bela Silard, Genius in the Shadows: A Biography of Leo Szilard, The Man Behind the Bomb (University of Chicago Press, 1994;1st edn 1992), 456.

7. Quoted in N[orman] C[ousins], ‘Many Facets of Leo Szilard’, Saturday Review (29 Apr. 1961), 15.

8. ‘Recovery from Cancer’, Time (23 Mar. 1962),40, 42.

9. ‘Leo Szilard Dies; A-Bomb Physicist’, NYT (31 May1964), 77.

10. Harrison Brown, ‘The 20th Year’, guest editorial, BAS , 18 (Dec. 1962), 2.

11. Kennedy, quoted in Martin Walker, The Cold War and the Making of the Modern World (London: Vintage, 1994), 171.

12. Szilard, quoted in Lanouette, 458.

13. Cabell Phillips, ‘Pickets Parade at White House’, NYT (28 Oct. 1962), 1.

14. McNamara, quoted in Walker, 171.

15. Secretary of State Dean Rusk; quoted in Walker, 178.

16. LeMay, quoted in Walker, 179.

17. Kennedy, quoted in Tim Weiner, ‘Word for Word: The Cuban Missile Crisis’, NYT (5 Oct. 1997), IV, 1.

18. Time (Oct. 1962). According to Life (Mar. 1961), From Russia with Love was one of Kennedy’s favourite books; see also J. Hoberman, ‘When Dr No Met Dr Strangelove’, Sight and Sound , 12 (Dec. 1993), 16, 18.

19. Lyn Tornabene, ‘Contradicting the Hollywood Image’, Saturday Review , 46 (28 Dec. 1963), 19–21.

20. Quoted in Eugene Archer, ‘How to Learn to Love World Destruction’, NYT (26 Jan. 1964), II, 13.

21. Vincent LoBrutto, Stanley Kubrick: A Biography (London: Faber, 1998),

22. Alastair Buchan, ‘Basis of a Film’ (letter), Times (31 Jan. 1964), 13.

23. Quoted in ‘Peter George, 41, British Novelist’, NYT (3 June 1966).

24. ‘Mr Peter George’ (obit.), Times (3 June1966), 14.

25. Stanley Kubrick, dir., Dr Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (Columbia Pictures, 1964), dialogue from continuity transcript (see http: //www.visual-memory.co.uk/amk/doc/0055.html).

26. John Coleman, ‘Dr Strangelove’, New Statesman (31 Jan. 1964), 178.

27. ‘The Mined Cities’, BAS , 17 (Dec. 1961); in Szilard, The Voice of the Dolphins and Other Stories (Stanford University Press, 1992; 1st edn 1961).

28. J. D. Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye (London: Penguin, 1994;1st edn 1951),40,127. Stephen J. Whitfield draws attention to the link between Holden Caulfield and Major Kong in his excellent essay ‘Cherished and Cursed: Toward a Social History of The Catcher in the Rye ’, New England Quarterly , 70 (1997), 593.

29. Urey, quoted in ‘What Goes on Here?’, Time (6 Feb. 1950), 11.

30. ‘Two Days that Shook the World’, Newsweek (11 Sep. 1961), 15.

31. Seymour Topping, ‘Moscow Cites Berlin Tensions – Boasts of Superbomb Project’, NYT (31 Aug. 1961), 1.

32. ‘Berlin’, Time (8 Sep. 1961), 26.

33. See e.g. Scientific American (Mar. 1961); see also Bell Telephone Co. advert in Harper’s (Sep. 1960),1: ‘How the Air Force puts Titan on target! ’

34. ‘The Cold War’, and ‘Russia’, Time (8 Sep. 1961),16, 24.

35. ‘Russian Bomb Put at over 50 Megatons’, Times (31 Oct. 1961), 10.

36. James Feron, ‘Britain is Atomic-War Target, Khrushchev Warns Laborites’, NYT (31 Oct. 1961), 14.

37. ‘Superbomb’, Newsweek (30 Oct. 1961),44–5.

38. ‘If Bombs Do Fall on US – What People Look for’, US News and World Report (25 Sep. 1961), 51.

39. ‘Survival: Are Shelters the Answer?’, Newsweek (6 Nov. 1961), 11.

40. Libby, quoted in ‘The Cold War’, Time (8 Sep. 1961), 16.

41. ‘Almost Nobody Building Shelters – Here is Why’, US News and World Report (25 Sep. 1961),52–3.

42. Val Guest, dir., The Day the Earth Caught Fire , co-written with Wolf Mankowitz (British Lion/Paramount, 1961).

43. Harrison E. Salisbury, ‘Stevenson Asks Eisenhower Policy on Cobalt Bomb’, NYT (27 Oct. 1956), 1.

44. A. H. Weiler, ‘ The Day the Earth Caught Fire Opens’, NYT (16 Mar. 1962), 25.

45. Kubrick to Peter George, Nov. 1961; quoted in W. Russell, Glasgow Herald (13 July2000), 6.

46. Adam, quoted in LoBrutto, 231.

47. Szilard, in CW3 , 427.

48. ‘Let Our Children Go…’, Newsweek (9 Oct. 1961), 26.

49. W. H. Clark, ‘Chemical and Thermonuclear Explosives’, BAS , 17 (Nov. 1961),356–60.

50. Eugene Rabinowitch, ‘Editor’s Note’, BAS , 17 (Nov. 1961), 359.

51. S. M. Genensky and Olaf Helmer, Glossary of Terms on National Security (RAND Corporation, 1961); quoted in Clark, ‘Chemical and Thermonuclear Explosives’, 360.