Vladimir Tismaneanu: The Devil in History

intentionality: ideology and; Nazi evil; Soviet criminality

International (organization): Second; Third (Comintern)

International (song), sung by Ceaușescu while dying

international factors: in democratization of Eastern and Central Europe. See also European Union; internationalism, Communist; NATO; West

internationalism, Communist; Gorbachev and; Marxist; proletarian class. See also International (organization)

internationalism, Communist Stalinist definition

Isaac, Jeffrey

Islamist fantasies

Israel, Stalin supporting State of

Istrati, Panait

Italy: The Black Book of Communism ; Fascist; paralysis of universities; Salo Republic. See also Mussolini, Benito

Jacobinism; Communist

Jakeš, Miloš

Jarausch, Konrad

Jaruzelski, Wojciech

Jaurès, Jean

Jew: The Black Book of Communism and; Communism as victim of; conspiracy theories about; cosmopolitanism (accused); Eastern Europeans vs.; “education through labor,”; Judeo-Bolsheviks; “Judeo-Masonic conspiracies,”; Judeo-plutocracy; pogroms; Stalin vs.. See also Nazism vs. Jews

Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee, Soviet

Jewish Democratic Committee

Jewish Telegraphic Agency

Jowitt, Kenneth: charismatic impersonalism; Eastern Europe; Leninism; “movements of rage,”; post-Cold War order; Stalinism

Judt, Tony: amnesia about oppression; Communism and Nazism morally indistinguishable; Communist utopia; French absence of consensus about justice; Leninism; post-Communism; Postwar ; sixty-eighters

“June nights,” 82

Kaczynski brothers

Kádár, János

Kafka, Franz

Kaganovich, Lazar

Kalandra, Zášvis

Kamenev, Lev

Kant, Immanuel, “Concerning the Indwelling of the Evil Principle with the Good, or, on the Radical Evil in Human Nature,”

Katz, Otto

Kautsky, Karl

Keller, Adolf

Kershaw, Ian: centrality of Holocaust in studies; Goebbels and Speer attempt to approach Hitler; Hitler’s personality cult; internal contradictions and incoherencies of Nazism; Nazi deportations; Nazi purges; Nazism and Bolshevism

KGB

Khrushchev, Nikita; Mao’s view of; return to Leninism; Secret Speech and other denunciations of Stalin’s crimes; understanding of post Stalinist Communist systems; Voznesensky reprimanded by

Kim Il-sung

Kis, János

Klaus, Václav

Klemperer, Victor Klemperer, I Will Bear Witness

Koch, Robert

Kocka, Jürgen

Koestler, Arthur; Darkness at Noon/Rubashov

Kolakowski, Leszek; destruction of civil society; devil in history; freedom; leader charisma; lie; Main Currents of Marxism ; Marxism; paradoxical attitude toward prophetic stances; “Permanent vs. Transitory Aspects of Marxism,”; Polish State-socialist society humanized; post-Communism; revisionism; Sovietism; Stalinist purges

Kommunist

Konev, Marshall Ivan

Konrád, George; antipolitics; discourse on individuality; Kádár regime’s rage toward; shared vision of public good

Kopecky, Vilem

Kopecký, Václav

Kopelev, Lev

Korey, William

Korsch, Karl; Marxismus und Philosophie

Kosik, Karel

Kostov, Traicho

Kotkin, Stephen; Communist lying; Leninist extinction; “re-revolutionizing the revolution,”; revolutions (1989-91); “speaking Bolshevik,”; Stalinism as civilization; The Uncivil Society

Kovalev, Sergey

Kramer, Mark

Krasny Metch

Kriegel, Anniei

Kristeva, Julia

Kronstadt sailors’ uprising

Krygier, Martin

Krylova, Ana

kto-kogo (who-whom principle)

Kundera, Milan

Kurczewski, Jacek

Kuroń, Jacek; Open Letter of the Basic Party Organization of PZPR (Polish United Workers’ Party) and to Members of the University Cell of the Union of Socialist Youth at Warsaw University (with Modzelewski)

Kuznetsov, Eduard

Kwarniewski, Aleksander

labor: forced. See also gulag

Landsbergis, Vytautas

Laqueur, Walter

Lassalle, Ferdinand

Latin America, guerilleros

Latsis, Martin

Latsis, Otto

Latvia; Gorbachev and use of force in; Nazi and Soviet mass killings; Soviet/Russian occupation

law: citizenship; lustration; Nuremberg Laws (1936). See also constitutions

Lazurkina, Comrade

leader charisma/personality cult; Communisti; Fascist; supreme leader

Lefort, Claude

Left: post-Communist. See also New Left; socialism

legal procedures: for crimes of Communist period. See also criminality; show trials

“legal revolution,”

Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich; The Bolsheviks Must Assume Power and Marxism and Insurrection ; and Bukharin; Comintern created by; dehumanization of the enemy; dissidents and; “end of politics,”; exterminist policies; Gorbachev and; “injection of consciousness,”; kto-kogo (who-whom principle); leader charisma; “Letter to a Comrade,”; Manichean view; Materialism and Empiriocriticism ; mausoleum; mission; One Step Forward, Two Steps Back ; personality; Philosophical Notebooks plot to arrest (1918); and proletariat; “return to,”; revolutionary situation (defined); utopia; vanguard party; What Is to Be Done? . See also Leninism

Leninism; ambivalence; authoritarianism; The Black Book of Communism and; collapse; critics; cult of totality; vs. democracy; ethnocentric nationalism as successor to; “goal rationality,”; Gorbachev break with; human rights movement and; ideology; and Marxism; “misdevelopment,”; modernity; New Economic Policy (NEP); October Revolution (1917); organizational model; party charisma; post-Communist paradoxes; post-Leninist Central and Eastern Europe; psychological leftovers; radical evil; “re-education,”; revisionism and; Romania; similarities with Fascism; Stalin and; takeover of power; three central myths of; ur-Leninism; violence; Yakovlev and. See also Bolshevism; Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich

Levada, Yuri

Levesque, Jacques

Levinas, Emanuel

Levi, Primo, If This Is a Man

Levitsky, Steven

liberalism; anti-Marxist; capitalist; Cold War; Communism vs; democratic; dissidents and; Fascism vs.; vs. Gorbachev; nationalism and; post-Communism and; revisionists and; revolutions (1989-91) and; sixty-eighters and; Western; young Marx as ally of, See also humanism

liberalization, Communist regimes

Lichtheim, George

Lie. See Big Lie; falsification

Ligachev, Yegor

Lih, Lars

die Linke

Literaturnaya gazeta

Lithuania: Gorbachev and use of force in; Nazi and Soviet mass killings; political resurrection of Communist Party; Soviet/Russian occupation

London, Artur

Losonczy, Geza

Lozovsky, Solomon

Luca, Vasile

Lukács, Georg; “Bolshevism as a moral problem,”; History and Class Consciousness ; Lenin; Marxist messianism; revisionism; revolutionary class; transindividual historical subject

Lukashenko, Alexander

Lukes, Steven

Lunacharsky, Anatoly

Lupi, Dario

lustration law

Luxemburg, Rosa; vs. power of Lenin and party

lying. See Big Lie; falsification

Machiavellianism

Mahler, Gustav

Maier, Charles

Makarenko, Anton

Malia, Martin; The Black Book of Communism foreword; and crimes of Communism; Lefort vs.; Pipes controversy; Sovietism

Malraux, André; La condition humaine

Manea, Norman

Manicheanism: East European Communist leaders; Lenin; Marxism; Russian tradition and

Mann, Michael

Mann, Thomas