Vladimir Tismaneanu: The Devil in History

Aron, Raymond, Démocratie et totalitarisme ; Memoirs

Attali, Jacques

Auster, Paul

authoritarianism: bureaucracies; “competitive authoritarianism,”; democratic (liberal) socialism vs.; East and Central Europe; Leninism; Marxist components; Marx’s personality; neo-authoritarianism; post-Communism; pre-Leninist; Putinist; radical-authoritarian trends; Russian traditions; salvationist; Stalinist; Western post-Marxism vs., See also totalitarianism

Azerbaijan

Bacilek, Karol

Badiou, Alain

Bahro, Rudolf

Bakunin, Mikhail

Balbo, Italo

Balkans: Stalinist agenda; Western, See also Albania; Croatia; Serbia

Baltic states: Gorbachev and use of force in; impersonal democratic procedures; Nazi and Soviet mass killings; Soviet/Russian occupation. See also Latvia; Lithuania

Banac, Ivo

Bartov, Omer

Băsescu, Traian

Bauman, Zygmunt

Baumler, Alfred

Bayer, Wilhem-Raymund

Belarus: “competitive authoritarianism,”; Holocaust impacts; human rights

Belgrade, April student protests

Beniuc, Mihai

Benjamin, Walter

Berdyaev, Nikolai

Bergelson, David

Berlin, Isaiah

Berlin Wall, fall of

Berman, Jakub

Berman, Paul

Bernstein, Eduard

Bernstein, Leonard

Besançon, Alain

Big Lie: Communist; post-Soviet. See also amnesia; falsification; truth

bin Laden, Osama, Al Qaeda

biological distinctions: Nazi. See also ethnocentricity

The Black Book of Communism

Blanquism

Bloch, Ernst

Blomberg-Frisch affair

Blum, Léon

Bogdanov, Aleksandr

Bohemia: Communist Party; and patrimonial legacy

Bolshevism; Communist Manifesto and; conversion of; converting into an emerging version of Communist-Fascism; critics; cult of the party; cult of totality; de-Bolshevization; Declaration of the Rights of Toiling and Exploited People (1918); vs. democracy; dream of total revolution; Fascism vs.; Gorbachev and; humanism; ideology; Judeo-Bolsheviks; justice subordinated to party interests; “language of magic,”; Menshevik split with; messianism; mission; “modern agenda of subjectivization,”; and morality; New Faith; norms of culture of; October Revolution (1917); Old; party charisma; political “sins,”; post-Soviet Russia; revolutionary passion; Stalinistnationalist traditions of; “substitutionism,”; takeover of power; terror; victory in the civil war. See also Communist Party; Communist utopia; Leninism; Stalinism; vanguard party

Bonapartism

Bonner, Elena

Borkenau, Franz

Bormann, Martin

Bosworth, R. J. B.

Botez, Mihai

Bourdieu, Pierre

bourgeoisie; both Communism and Fascism vs.; Communism vs.; Fascism vs.; Jewish

Bracher, Karl Dietrich

Brandenberger, David

Brandt, Willy

Brașov workers’ protest movement

Brezhnev, Leonid

Brown, Archie

Browning, Christopher

Brzezinski, Zbigniew

Budapest, neo-Marxist School/Petöfi Circle

Buhr, Manfred

Bukharin, Nikolai; The ABC of Communism (with Preobrazhensky); Economics of the Transition Period ; “To a Future Generation of Party Leaders,”

Bukovsky, Vladimir

Bulgaria: Danubian confederation; extermination camps and mass executions; “High Stalinism,”; Mladenov; post-Communism; working class passivity

Burlatsky, Fyodor

Burrin, Philippe

Calmanovici, Emil

camps: Communist; extermination; Hell on earth; labor; Nazi. See also gulag

Camus, Albert

capitalism: Communism vs./“capitalist encirclement,”; Eastern Europeans vs.; liberal; Nazism vs.; Westerners vs., See also market economies

care of the soul

Castoriadis, Cornelius

Castro, Fidel

Cathala, Jean

Ceaușescu, Nicolae: charismatic leadership; civil society; “Great Helmsman,”; Manea persecution; post-Communism and; Răutu and; singing International while dying; Stalinism; Tudor as court poet

CEMA (Council for Economic Mutual Assistance)

Central Committee: Luxemburg on; Romanian Workers’ Party; Socialist Unity Party (SED)

Central Committee of the CPSU; Jakub Berman; Bukharin; Cultural Department; Frolov; Gorbachev and; Lenin letters (September 1917); notorious resolutions; Piatakov; Plenum (1937); republican elections (1990)

charismatic politics: post-Communist. See also leader charisma/personality cult; mysticism; party charisma

Charter Czechoslovakia

Chávez, Hugo

Cheka

Chernenko, Konstantin

Chernyaev, Anatoly

Chernyshevky, Nikolai, “Crystal Palace,”

Chesterton, Gilbert K.

chiliasms: Communist Manifesto ; Communist Party; fantasies of salvation; Fascism; Leninism; revolutions (1989-91) and. See also eschatology; millennialism

China; anti-Fascism and imperialist propaganda of; Chinese propaganda; contemporary; Cultural Revolution; “High Stalinism,”; Leninist parties coming to power; mass murder. See also Mao Zedong

Chirot, Daniel

Chișnevschi, Iosif

citizenship: Communism abolishing; Fascism eroding; nationalist “thick” notion of; revolutions (1989-91) and rebirth of, 1901. See also civil society

civilization: Communism; Nazism

civil society: and anti-Semitism; Communist disintegration of; despotism’s destruction of; dissidents and new epoch of; “institutional amphibiousness” causing; Marx on state and; nationalism competing with; post-Communism and; revolutions (1989-91) and; Russia’s “gelatinous,”; sixties upheavals and; uncivil society. See also citizenship; civilization

class consciousness; Lenin and; Marx and. See also bourgeoisie; proletariat

“class genocide,”

“class instinct,”

class murder (“sociocide”)

class struggle; East European Communist leaders and; Gorbachev and; Leninist; Marxist; Soviet and Yugoslav visions; Stalinist. See also proletariat; revolutionary class

Clementis, Vladimir

Cohen, Stephen E.

Cohn, Norman

Cold War

Cominform (Communist and Workers’ Parties)

Comintern (Third Communist International); Dimitrov; on Fascism; Geminder; propaganda machine

command economies

Communism; anomy; anti-Fascist; anti-Nazi resistance movements; The Black Book of Communism ; conversion to; deradicalization; differences between Fascism and; as ecclesiology; evil identified by; ideology; l’illusion lyrique ; intentionality; Jacobinism; leader charisma/personality cult; messianism; “mismemory of,”; and morality; neo-Communism; New Man; “People-as-One,”; public and private person; redemptive mythologies; revisionism; revolutionary passion; science and; similarities with Fascism; social engineering; three layers in societies of. See also Bolshevism; Communist criminality; Communist Party; Communist utopia; enemies; hegemony; internationalism; Leninism; Marxism; post-Communism; Soviet Union

Communist criminality: compared with Fascism; dissidents vs.; Gorbachev denouncing Stalin for; Khrushchev denouncing Stalin for; memory/amnesia/silence about; moral blindness toward; number of victims; post-Communism and; purges; radical evil; Romania; Soviet Union; Stalin’s crimes against the party; suffering under; terror; utopia and; violence sanctified

Communist heroic ethos; Bolshevik; Leninism; Marxist; Stalinist; War Communism and “building of socialism,”

Communist Manifesto (Marx and Engels); vs. bourgeoisie; vs. capitalism; class struggle; Ianoși and; millenarian redemption; monism, proletarian development; social democracy and; violence glorified by

Communist Party: Albanian; Big Lie; Bohemia and Moravia; Cominform (Communist and Workers’ Parties); Comintern and; Czechoslovak; German (KPD); ideological hegemony; Jews in; party charisma; Polish; post-Communism and; revisionism and; Romania; Russian; Russian Federation; Spanish; Western; Yugoslavia. See also Central Committee; Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU); Congresses; factionalism; Politburo; vanguard party