Vladimir Tismaneanu: The Devil in History

Scherbakov, Aleksander

Schmitt, Carl

Schwan, Gesine

science: Communism and; Nazism and

Scînteia

Scott, James C.

Second Socialist Transformation secret police, Soviet

Secret Speech, Khrushchev denouncing Stalin (1956)

Serbia: “competitive authoritarianism,”; Radical Party; socialists

Shafarevich, Igor

Shakhnazarov, Georgiy

shestidesiatniki

Shoah. See Holocaust

Short Course of History of the CPSU

Short Course of Political Economy

show trials: Eastern Europe; Sinyavski-Daniel; Stalin’s

Shtern, Lina

Siberian School

Siegelbaum, Lewis

Silone, Ignazio

Simic, Charles

Sinyavsky, Andrei; Sinyavski-Daniel trial

sixty-eighters

Slánský, Rudolf

Slovakia; Mečiar; radical-authoritarian trends

Smirnov, Georgii

Snyder, Jack

Snyder, Timothy: “absence of economics,”; Bloodlands ; comparing Communist and Nazi systems; ethnic cleansing; number of Soviet and Nazi victims; Stalinist anti-Semitism

social Darwinism

social democracy: Bolshevism vs.; European; German; international; Leninism and; proletarian; Romanian Social Democratic Party; Russian Social Democrats; Western-style

social engineering: Communist; Fascist; post-Communism and

socialism; “building of socialism,”; charismatic party for; Communist Manifesto and; de-Stalinization and; double-talk and double-think; Fascism’s origins in; Gorbachev and; with a human face; ideological chaos created by collapse; international; Leninism discrediting; Marx’s “heretics,”; nationalist; New Left; post-totalitarian; “reformed Soviet,”; relegitimization of; revisionism and; revolutionary; Russian Socialist Revolutionaries; scientific; Second Socialist Transformation; Socialist Unity Party (SED). See also Communism; Marxism

“sociocide,”

Solidarnosc / Solidarity, Poland; Geremek; Mazowiecki; Walçsa. See also Michnik, Adam

Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr; The First Circle ; Gulag Archipelago ; Nobel Prize for Literature

Sonderwegs

Sorbonne, occupation of

soul, care of the soul

South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission

Souvarine, Boris

Sovietism

Sovietization; Eastern Europe

Soviet Union; Academy of Science; amnesty decree; anti-Fascism; Cold War; collapse (1991); constitution (1936); constitution (Sakharov); criminality; Cultural Revolution; de-Bolshevization; de-Stalinization; dissidents; Great Patriotic War for the Defense of the Motherland; mezhdunarodniki ; Moscow Helsinki Group; nomenklatura ; perestroika; post-Communism; Radio Moscow; reinvention of politics; revisionism; secret police; shestidesiatniki ; Soviet citizens sent back from Hitler’s Reich; Soviet-Nazi “nonaggression” pact (1939); terror. See also Bolshevism; Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU); Gorbachev, Mikhail; gulag; Leninism; Russian Communist Party; Sovietization; Stalinism

Spanish Civil War

Spanish Communist Party

Speer, Albert

Sperber, Manès

Spring of the Nations (1848)

Stalin, Joseph; biography; The Black Book of Nazi Crimes against Soviet Jews banned by; and Comintern; Communist power not dependent on; constitution (1936); in Costea letter; death (1953); de-racialization after; de-Stalinization; dialectics; and Eastern Europe; experiments on human beings; Gorbachev condemning; “Great Experiment,”; Great Purge; Great Terror; ideological obsession; vs. Jews; Kaganovich with; Khrushchev denouncing crimes of; leader charisma/personality cult; and Leninism; mausoleum; post-Communism and; and proletariat; purges; reinvention of politics; revolution from above; show trials; “warfare personality,”; xenophobic. See also Stalinism

Stalinism; anti-Fascist; “Bolshevism of the extreme right,”; civilization; Commission for the Rehabilitation of Stalinism’s Victims; conspiracy theories; dehumanization of the enemy; de-Stalinization; differences between Nazism and; Eastern Europe; enemies of; ethnic cleansing; Fascism syncretized with; ideology; internationalism defined by; “language of magic,”; “little Stalins,”; Marxist freedom and; Molotov; neo-Stalinism; party charisma; pathology of universalism; political myth; post-Communism and; reversion; revisionism and; Romania; Russianization; Russian National Bolshevism; similarities with Nazism; soslovnost ; terror; Yaroslavsky. See also Stalin, Joseph

Stevens, Anthony

Stojanovic, Svetozar

Strasser, Gregor

Strasser, Otto

Streicher, Julius

submission syndrome

Sullis, Edgardo, Il Duce-Imitatione de Mussolini

Suny, Ronald

Sverdlov, Nikolai Yakov

Szeleńy, Ivan

Tamás, G. M.

Tamir, Yael

telos: of “democratic dictatorship,”; of Nazism

terror: Communist; contemporary; ethnicization of; Nazi; pogroms; Pol Pot regime in Cambodia; Red Terror (1918); Stalinist Great Terror; “states of terror,”. See also camps; dehumanization of the enemy; exterminist policies; genocide; purges

Thälmann, Ernst

“Thaw,”

Thomas à Kempis

Tigrid, Pavel

Tito

Tocqueville, Alexis de

Toránska, Teresa

totalitarianism; detotalitarianization; emotional-intellectual superstructure and institutional ensemble; enigma of; reinvention of politics. See also Communism; Fascism; political monopoly; post-totalitarian system

“touchstone theory,”

Traverso, Enzo

Trotsky, Leon/Trotskyites: and apparatus terror; defeat of “world revolution,”; vs. democracy; intraparty opposition; vs. Kautsky; and leader charisma; Leninism opposed to; in Lenin’s Politburo; revisionism and; Stalin’s enemy; Their Morals and Ours

truth; anti-anti-utopianism; The Black Book of Communism ; Bukharin; Communist “moral elite,”; dissidents; ethnocentric nationalism’s irrelevance of; Fascist; Gorbachev; historical; ideological states; Leninist; living in; Marxist; party’s special access to; Pope John Paul II’s “The Splendor of Truth,”; post-Communism; “reconciliation without,”; re-empowering; revolutionary; Secret Speech and. See also falsification; morality

Tucker, Robert C.: Bolshevism’s deradicalization; Bukharin; Leninism; philosophy and myth; pre-Gorbachev Soviet Union; reversion; show trials; Stalin

Tudjman, Franjo

Tudor, Corneliu Vadim

Tudoran, Dorin

Țugui, Pavel

tyrannies of certitude

tyrannies of corruption

Übermensch

Ukraine: “competitive authoritarianism,”; Holocaust impacts; radical-authoritarian trends

l’univers concentrationnaire

Urban, George; Communist Reformation ; Stalinism

Urban, Jan

ur-Fascism

ur-Leninism

Urválek, Josef

USSR. See Soviet Union

utopia; anti-anti-utopianism; Communist Manifesto and; enduring magnetism of; Fascist; ideology and; intellectuals in frantic search for; West and. See also Communist utopia; eschatology; redemptive mythologies; salvationism

Vajda, Mihaly

vanguard party; Gorbachev and; Lenin and; Mlynář and. See also Bolshevism; Communist Party

van Ree, Erik

Velikhov, Evgeny

“velvet counterrevolution,”

“velvet revolutions” (1989). See also revolutions (1989-91), Eastern and Central Europe

Vietnam: North; War

Villa-Vicencio, Charles

violence: Communist; Fascist; sanctified by Communism and Fascism;

World War I. See also class struggle; murder; terror

Voegelin, Eric

voluntarism: Leninist; Marxist