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Michael Dobbs - Saboteurs

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Название:
Saboteurs
Автор:
Michael Dobbs
Издательство:
Vintage Books
Жанр:
История / military_history / на английском языке
Год:
2005
Город:
New York
ISBN:
978-0307427557
Рейтинг книги:
3 / 5. Голосов: 1
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In 1942, Hitler’s Nazi regime trained eight operatives for a mission to infiltrate America and do devastating damage to its infrastructure. It was a plot that proved historically remarkable for two reasons: the surprising extent of its success and the astounding nature of its failure. Soon after two U-Boats packed with explosives arrived on America’s shores–one on Long Island, one in Florida—it became clear that the incompetence of the eight saboteurs was matched only by that of American authorities. In fact, had one of the saboteurs not tipped them off, the FBI might never have caught the plot’s perpetrators—though a dozen witnesses saw a submarine moored on Long Island.
As told by Michael Dobbs, the story of the botched mission and a subsequent trial by military tribunal, resulting in the swift execution of six saboteurs, offers great insight into the tenor of the country—and the state of American intelligence—during World War II and becomes what is perhaps a cautionary tale for our times.

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27. Heinck letter, July 1942, FBI file, 98-10288-2486.

28. Haupt letter, July 1942, FBI files. 98-10288.

29. Rachlis, They Came to Kill, 250.

30. Hoover memo, July 24, 1942, FBI file, 98-10288-989.

31. Rachlis, They Came to Kill, 297.

32. Kerling letter, July 31, 1942, Oscar Cox files, FDR Library.

CHAPTER FOURTEEN: DEATH ROW

1. Hassett, Off the Record with F.D.R., 97–98.

2. Kenneth Royall, oral history interview, loc. cit.

3. Biddle memo to FDR, July 16, 1942.

4. Roosevelt press briefing, August 4, 1942.

5. Report of Brigadier General Cox to the president, August 19, 1942.

6. FBI memo, July 9, 1942, 98-10288-941.

7. Letters from Kerling, August 3 and 4, 1942, FBI file 98-10288-2089.

8. Quirin letter, FBI file, 98–10288-2486.

9. Cox, The Saboteur Story, 25.

10. Lahousen war diary, August 4, 1942.

11. FBI memo, August 19, 1946, 98-10288-3587; Gellermann, Der andere Auftrag, 71–72.

12. See, for example, Biddle letter to secretary of state, September 17, 1942, FDR library.

13. Roosevelt order, August 7, 1942, FDR Library.

14. FBI memo, August 10, 1942, 98-10288-1604.

15. Letters from William B. Adams, FBI file 98-10288-2004.

16. Quirin letter, FBI file 98-10288-2088.

17. Neubauer letter, FBI file 98-10288-2088.

18. Kerling letters, FBI file 98-10288-2088.

19. Cox, The Saboteur Story, 25.

20. WP, August 9, 1942.

21. Washington Star, August 9, 1942; Rachlis, They Came to Kill, 287.

22. Washington Star, April 8, 1942; George T. Washington papers, Library of Congress.

23. FBI memo, August 10, 1942, loc. cit.

24. WP, August 9, 1942.

25. White House press release, FDR Library.

26. Rosenman, Working with Roosevelt, 359–355; see also Suckley diary, August 8, 1942.

27. Cox, The Saboteur Story, 17; see also Washington Star, October 13, 1942.

28. Report to president on disposal of bodies of saboteurs, August 14, 1942, FDR Library.

EPILOGUE: SURVIVORS

1. FBI memo, August 10, 1942, 98-10288-1604.

2. Ladd memo, August 12, 1942, 98-10288-1444.

3. Dasch prison file, RG 129, NARA.

4. Richard Cahan, “A Terrorist’s Tale,” Chicago Magazine, February 2002; Rachlis, They Came to Kill, 292–293.

5. William O. Douglas, The Court Years, 1939–1975, 33.

6. Letter to Charles Hughes, September 25, 1942, quoted in Mason, Harlan Fiske Stone, 658.

7. Ibid., 658–659.

8. Stone letter to Boskey, September 5, 1942, Stone papers, Library of Congress.

9. Stone letter to Frankfurter, quoted in Mason, Harlan Fiske Stone, 661.

10. Mason, Harlan Fiske Stone, 658–659.

11. Ibid., 664.

12. Biddle memo to FDR, quoted in Danielski, “The Saboteurs’ Case,” 79.

13. Danielski, “The Saboteurs’ Case,” 80.

14. Robert E. Cushman, “The Case of the Nazi Saboteurs,” American Political Science Review, 1942.

15. William Rehnquist, speech to Dickinson College of Law, Pennsylvania State University, November 12, 1999.

16. Letter from Bureau of Prisons director James V. Bennett, September 3, 1942, Dasch prison file.

17. Psychiatric evaluation, November 10, 1943, Dasch prison file.

18. Report by Atlanta prison warden, January 15, 1945, Dasch prison file.

19. FBI memo, October 17, 1942, 98-10288-2125.

20. Report by Atlanta prison warden, July 25, 1947, Dasch prison file.

21. Traynor letter, July 3, 1945, Hoover reply, July 13, 1945, FBI file 98-10288-3479.

22. Lahousen war diary, July 20 and August 9, 1942.

23. Rachlis, They Came to Kill, 296.

24. British Joint Staff Mission letter, July 16, 1942, Frank McCoy papers, Library of Congress.

25. Memo for secretary of war, January 5, 1945, Stimson safe file, NARA RG 107.

26. Burger letter to Kenneth Royall, May 12, 1948, NARA RG 165, War Department decimal files 000.536.

27. Burger letter, October 23, 1948, FBI file 98-10288-3675.

28. Burger letter, January 1, 1949, FBI file 98-10288-3685.

29. Dasch East German Stasi file, Berlin, MfS-AS Nr. 598⁄66.

30. Burger letter, January 6, 1950; see also FBI memo, February 2, 1949, 98-10288-3617.

31. FBI memos, March 15, 1951, and April 13, 1951, Dasch file, 98-10288.

32. Author interview with Gerhard Kappe, May 2002.

33. Dasch memo to FBI, August 20, 1942, 98-10288-2376.

34. Author interview with Wolfgang Wergin, May 2002.

35. Office of Naval Intelligence report, FBI files, 98-10288.

36. Author interview with Gerhard Kappe.

37. FBI memorandum, March 1, 1961, 98-10288.

38. Hoover memorandum, March 10, 1958, FBI file 98-10288-3851.

Bibliography

Abshagen, Karl Heinz. Canaris. London: Hutchinson, 1956.

Biddle, Francis. In Brief Authority. New York: Doubleday, 1962.

Blair, Clay. Hitler’s U-Boat War: The Hunters, 1939–1942. New York: Random House, 1996.

Brissaud, Andre. Canaris. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1970.

Buchheim, Lothar-Günther. Das Boot. London: Cassell, 2002.

Budiansky, Stephen. Battle of Wits: The Complete Story of Codebreaking in World War II. New York: Free Press, 2000.

Burns, James MacGregor. Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1970.

Churchill, Winston S. The Second World War: The Hinge of Fate. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1950.

Conn, Stetson, Rose C. Engelman, and Byron Fairchild. The U.S. Army in World War II: Guarding the United States and Its Outposts. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Chief of Military History, 1964.

Cox, Albert L. The Saboteur Story. Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Washington, D.C., 1961.

Dasch, George. Eight Spies Against America. New York: Robert M. McBride Company, 1959.

Davis, Elmer, and Byron Price. War Information and Censorship. American Council on Public Affairs, Washington, D.C., n.d.

Douglas, William O. The Court Years, 1939–1975. New York: Vintage Books, 1981.

Farago, Ladislas. The Game of the Foxes: The Untold Story of German Espionage in the United States and Great Britain During World War II. New York: David McKay, 1971.

Field, Louise Maunsell, ed. Amagansett Lore and Legend. Amagansett, N.Y.: Amagansett Village Improvement Society, 1948.

FitzGibbon, Constantine. 20 July. New York: W. W. Norton, 1956.

Gellermann, Günther. Der andere Auftrag. Bonn: Bernard & Graefe Verlag, 1997.

Gentry, Curt. J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets. New York: Plume, 1992.

Goodwin, Doris Kearns. No Ordinary Time: The Home Front in World War II. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1994.

Hassett, William D. Off the Record with F.D.R., 1942–1945. Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1958.

Holmes, Harry N. Strategic Materials and National Strength. New York: Macmillan, 1942.

Kahn, David. Hitler’s Spies: German Military Intelligence in World War II. New York: Macmillan, 1978.

Kimball, Warren F., ed. Churchill and Roosevelt: The Complete Correspondence. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1984.

Kurland, Philip B., and Gerhard Casper, eds. Landmark Briefs and Arguments of the Supreme Court of the United States. Vol. 39. Washington, D.C.: University Publications of America, 1975–.

Landau, Henry. The Enemy Within: The Inside Story of German Sabotage in America. New York: Putnam, 1937.

Manvell, Roger, and Henrich Frankel. The July Plot. London: Bodley Head, 1964.