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Michael Dobbs - Saboteurs

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Название:
Saboteurs
Автор:
Michael Dobbs
Издательство:
Vintage Books
Жанр:
История / military_history / на английском языке
Год:
2005
Город:
New York
ISBN:
978-0307427557
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3 / 5. Голосов: 1
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In 1942, Hitler’s Nazi regime trained eight operatives for a mission to infiltrate America and do devastating damage to its infrastructure. It was a plot that proved historically remarkable for two reasons: the surprising extent of its success and the astounding nature of its failure. Soon after two U-Boats packed with explosives arrived on America’s shores–one on Long Island, one in Florida—it became clear that the incompetence of the eight saboteurs was matched only by that of American authorities. In fact, had one of the saboteurs not tipped them off, the FBI might never have caught the plot’s perpetrators—though a dozen witnesses saw a submarine moored on Long Island.
As told by Michael Dobbs, the story of the botched mission and a subsequent trial by military tribunal, resulting in the swift execution of six saboteurs, offers great insight into the tenor of the country—and the state of American intelligence—during World War II and becomes what is perhaps a cautionary tale for our times.

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11. Abshagen, 186–187; Lahousen AP interview.

12. Interrogation of Wilhelm Ahlrichs, German naval intelligence officer, NARA, RG 65, FBI headquarters file 98-10288-3472. The complete file is contained in Boxes 18–58.

13. Abwehr war diary, April 7, 1942.

14. Clay Blair, Hitler’s U-Boat War: The Hunters, 1939–1942, 562.

15. Lahousen AP interview. See also Abwehr war diary, April 16–17, 1942.

16. Lahousen AP interview.

CHAPTER ONE: SCHOOL FOR SABOTAGE

1. Burger FBI statement, FBI file 98-10288-1172, June 23, 1942, 11; FBI memorandum, October 12, 1942.

2. Dasch FBI statement, FBI file 98-10288-1163, June 19–24, 1942, 145.

3. Author visit, September 2002. Quenz Lake Farm has been absorbed into the grounds of a steel mill, but the original farm buildings still exist.

4. Dasch FBI statement, 57a.

5. Burger, 12.

6. Heinck FBI statement, June 23, 1942; Dasch FBI statement, 144; Burger drawing, FBI files 98-10288, Box 41.

7. Military Tribunal Transcript, 2530, NARA, RG 153, Records of Office of Judge Advocate General, Court-Martial Case Files, Entry 1009, Boxes 17–21. For Burger account, see Tribunal, 2664.

8. Dasch FBI statement, 130.

9. George Dasch, Eight Spies Against America, 78.

10. Burger, 23; Dasch FBI statement, 193.

11. Interview with Hans-Georg Kohnke, Museum im Frey-Haus, Brandenburg; see also Michael Dobbs, WP, November 30, 1998, A1.

12. FBI memo, August 21, 1942, 98-10288-1586.

13. Kappe FBI file, 98-11449-240.

14. Burger, 23; Dasch FBI statement, 147.

15. Tribunal, 2309.

16. Burger, 13.

17. Ibid., 14.

18. FBI memo, August 21, 1942.

19. Dasch FBI statement, 98. Dempsey’s real name was William Braubender.

20. Burger, 17–22.

21. Tribunal, 2049, 2468; Dasch, Burger, Quirin, and Heinck statements to FBI.

22. Burger, 23.

23. Burger, 24; Heinck, June 23, 1942, 11.

24. Burger, 31. See also testimony by FBI expert, Tribunal, 212–220.

25. Burger, 40–41.

26. Ibid., 26.

27. Quirin statement to FBI, June 25, 1942, 11.

28. Ibid., 12.

29. Dasch FBI statement, 146.

30. Ibid., 106–109; Burger, 35–36.

31. Dasch FBI statement, 107; Heinck, June 23, 1942, 10.

32. Kerling letter to Miriam Preston, December 22, 1940, FBI file 98-10288-1102.

33. Kerling letter to Miriam Preston, November 25, 1941, loc. cit.

34. Tribunal, 2374.

35. Burger, 33.

36. Tribunal, 2321.

37. Dasch FBI statement, 24; Tribunal, 2550–2552.

38. Dasch FBI statement, 102.

39. Dasch, Eight Spies Against America, 83.

40. Tribunal, 2321.

41. Dasch FBI statement, 68–69; Burger, 40.

42. Burger, 34.

43. Dasch FBI statement, 110.

44. Tribunal, 2469.

45. Quirin, June 25, 1942, 13–14; see also Burger, 29.

46. Heinck, June 23, 1942, 27.

47. Burger, 44.

48. Dasch FBI statement, 147.

49. Burger, 37.

50. Dasch FBI statement, 155.

51. Harry N. Holmes, Strategic Materials and National Strength, 31.

52. Dasch FBI statement, 94; Roosevelt address to Congress, January 6, 1942.

53. Hoover letter to attorney general, July 10, 1942. See also FBI files 98-10288-578 and 146-7-4219.

54. Burger, 41, 44.

55. Ibid., 41.

CHAPTER TWO: FAREWELLS

1. Haupt letter to parents from prison, July 1942. Bureau of Prisons, Notorious Offenders Files, RG 129, NARA; FBI report on Walter Froehling, July 3, 1942; FBI report, August 4, 1942, 98-10288-1605.

2. Burger, 43.

3. Dasch interview with FBI official W. C. Hinze, June 21, 1942.

4. Dasch FBI statement, 113.

5. Ibid., 2.

6. Ibid., 8–9.

7. Notorious Offenders, Dasch file, September 29, 1942, NARA, RG 129.

8. Marie Dasch statement, April 20, 1943, FBI file 98-10288-2809.

9. Dasch FBI statement, 11.

10. Ibid., 12.

11. Hoover memo to attorney general, October 28, 1944, FBI 146-7-4219.

12. Dasch FBI statement, 15.

13. Ibid., 16.

14. Ibid., 19.

15. Ibid., 23.

16. Ibid., 24.

17. FBI interview with Alma Neubauer, November 14, 1946, 98-10288-3597; see also Neubauer FBI statement, June 23, 1942.

18. Tribunal, 2208.

19. Burger drawing, FBI file 98-10288.

20. Dasch FBI statement, 57.

21. Ibid., 116.

22. Burger, 46.

23. Reinhold Barth FBI file, 98-11448-1373.

24. Haupt, FBI statement, June 29, 1942, 8; see also Dasch FBI statement, 157–159.

25. Dasch FBI statement, 161.

26. Ibid., 161.

27. Burger, 39–40.

28. Dasch FBI statement, 164.

29. Ibid., 36.

30. Tribunal, 2050–2052, 2149–2152.

31. Burger, 43

32. Dasch FBI statement, 204.

33. Ibid., 194; for Schmidt outfit, see Burger, 21.

34. Dasch FBI statement, 133.

35. Burger, 35.

36. Burger, 46; Quirin, June 25, 1942, 15; Tribunal, 204–236; FBI report NY 65-11065, July 1, 1942, 84.

37. Dasch FBI statement, 65, 207.

38. Ibid., 199–200.

39. Ibid., 166–167; Kerling statement to FBI, 98-10288-1174, June 30, 1942, 3; Memo from FBI agent E. P. Coffey, June 22, 1942, 98-10288-230.

40. Dasch FBI statement, 34.

41. Alexandra Richie, Faust’s Metropolis: A History of Berlin, 522.

42. Dasch conversation with FBI agent W. C. Hinze, June 20, 1942.

43. Dasch FBI statement, 236.

44. Burger, 48.

45. FBI memo, October 24, 1942; Dasch FBI statement, 37.

46. Dasch FBI statement, 90.

47. Ibid., 142; Burger, 46.

CHAPTER THREE: “THE MEN ARE RUNNING WILD”

1. Tribunal, 2207.

2. Kappe FBI file, NY 98-870, 6.

3. Kappe FBI file, NY 98-870, 13.

4. Kappe FBI file, 98-11449-240.

5. Kappe FBI file, NY 98-870, 29.

6. Kappe FBI file, NY 98-870, 36, quoting WP magazine article, September 2, 1934.

7. Kappe FBI file, NY 98-870, 60, quoting United Progressive News.

8. Dasch FBI statement, 140; Dasch, Eight Spies Against America, 72.

9. Dasch FBI statement, 37.

10. Quirin, June 25, 1942, 15.

11. Burger, 47.

12. Tribunal, 2688-2689, 2373-2374.

13. Ahlrichs FBI interview.

14. Ahlrichs FBI interview; for Haupt outfit, see Burger, 20.

15. Burger, 14.

16. Tribunal, 2326.

17. Dasch FBI statement, 50–51.

18. Ahlrichs FBI interview.

19. Dasch FBI statement, 92.

20. Ibid., 75.

21. Ibid., 102.

22. Burger, 44.

23. Dasch FBI statement, 61.

24. Quirin, FBI statement, June 25, 1942, 16.

25. Berliner Lokal-Anzeiger, May 13 and May 15, 1942.

26. Berliner Illustrierte Zeitung, April 23, 1942.

27. Ahlrichs FBI interview.

CHAPTER FOUR: ACROSS THE ATLANTIC

1. Timothy Mulligan, Neither Sharks nor Wolves, 3.

2. British Admiralty report, PRO, ADM 186 ⁄ 808.

3. Dasch FBI statement, 180.

4. German BdU War diary, May 26, 1942.

5. Account of crew member Otto Wagner, U-boot Archiv, Cuxhaven.

6. Clay Blair, Hitler’s U-Boat War: The Hunters, 57–59.

7. Dasch FBI statement, 39.

8. Dasch FBI statement, 39; Burger, 51.

9. Stephen Budiansky, Battle of Wits, 234–236.

10. Bletchley Park decrypt, PRO, HW 18⁄323.

11. Haupt FBI statement, June 28, 1942, 10.

12. Dasch FBI statement, 181.

13. Ibid., 173.

14. Mulligan, Neither Sharks nor Wolves, 18.

15. Dasch FBI statement, 184; Burger, 50.

16. Mulligan, Neither Sharks nor Wolves, 63.

17. Burger, 50.

18. Dasch FBI statement, 173.

19. Blair, Hitler’s U-Boat War: The Hunters, 58.