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Michael Dobbs - Saboteurs

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Название:
Saboteurs
Автор:
Michael Dobbs
Издательство:
Vintage Books
Жанр:
История / military_history / на английском языке
Год:
2005
Город:
New York
ISBN:
978-0307427557
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3 / 5. Голосов: 1
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In 1942, Hitler’s Nazi regime trained eight operatives for a mission to infiltrate America and do devastating damage to its infrastructure. It was a plot that proved historically remarkable for two reasons: the surprising extent of its success and the astounding nature of its failure. Soon after two U-Boats packed with explosives arrived on America’s shores–one on Long Island, one in Florida—it became clear that the incompetence of the eight saboteurs was matched only by that of American authorities. In fact, had one of the saboteurs not tipped them off, the FBI might never have caught the plot’s perpetrators—though a dozen witnesses saw a submarine moored on Long Island.
As told by Michael Dobbs, the story of the botched mission and a subsequent trial by military tribunal, resulting in the swift execution of six saboteurs, offers great insight into the tenor of the country—and the state of American intelligence—during World War II and becomes what is perhaps a cautionary tale for our times.

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36. Dasch FBI statement, 55.

37. FBI memo, July 21, 1942, 98-10288-1055.

38. Curt Gentry, J. Edgar Hoover, 179; see also Hoover NYT obituary, May 3, 1972.

39. Hoover memo to FDR, June 2, 1942, FDR Library.

40. Hoover memo to White House aide Edwin M. Watson, June 16, 1947, FDR Library.

41. Francis Biddle, In Brief Authority, 327.

42. Author interview with Duane Traynor, January 2002.

43. Hoover memo, June 15, 1942, 98-10288-25.

44. Hoover memo, June 17, 1942, 98-10288-8; Hoover letter to ONI director, June 22, 1942.

45. Hoover letter to ONI director, June 20, 1942; see also Hoover memo, June 17, 1942, 98-10288-9.

46. ESF war diary, chapter 4.

CHAPTER EIGHT: A STORY TO TELL

1. Dasch FBI statement, 55.

2. Washington FBI report, July 1, 1942, 98-10288-408.

3. Dasch letter to Burger, June 19, 1942, FBI files.

4. Dasch FBI statement, 57.

5. Washington FBI report, July 1, 1942.

6. FBI interview with Heinrich Heinck, June 21, 1942.

7. Burger, 65.

8. Duane Traynor memo, June 25, 1942, FBI file 98-10288-128.

9. Dasch FBI statement, 58.

10. Author interview with Traynor, January 2002.

11. Dasch note, June 19, 1942, FBI file 98-10288-14.

12. Washington field office report, July 1, 1942, op. cit.

13. Author interview with Traynor.

14. Author interview with Traynor; memo, June 25, 1942, op. cit.

15. Biddle memorandum for FDR, June 19, 1942, FDR Library; Biddle, In Brief Authority, 327.

16. Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War: The Hinge of Fate, 377.

17. James MacGregor Burns, Roosevelt, 235.

18. Churchill memorandum to Roosevelt, June 20, 1942, in Warren F. Kimball, ed., Churchill and Roosevelt.

19. Weekly gains and losses of Allied shipping, 1942, FDR Library.

20. Tribunal, 2210, 2235.

21. Ibid., 2208–2209.

22. Ibid., 2211.

23. Ibid., 2236.

24. Ibid., 1857.

25. Dasch activity log, 98-10288-128.

26. Washington field office report, July 11, 1942, op. cit.

27. Hoover memos, June 19, 1942, 98-10288-26, 98-10288-27.

28. Author interview with Cullen, January 2002.

29. Connelley memo, June 19, 1942, FBI file 146-7-4619, NY file 65-11065.

30. Burger, 19.

31. Tribunal, 2062.

32. FBI interview with Erna Haupt, July 2, 1942, 98-10288-227.

33. FBI interview with Hans Haupt, July 3, 1942, 98-10288-398.

34. Author interview with Wolfgang Wergin, May 2002.

35. FBI interview with Hans Haupt.

36. FBI interview with Walter Froehling; Tribunal, 2063.

37. FBI interview with Hans Haupt.

38. Burger, 65.

39. Heinck interviews with FBI, June 21 and 23, 1942.

40. Author interview with Traynor.

41. Hoover memo, June 19, 1942, 98-10288-28.

42. Author interview with Traynor; FBI memo, June 20, 1942, 98-10288-44; Tribunal, 1856.

43. Washington field office report, July 11, 1942, op. cit.

CHAPTER NINE: THE INVADERS

1. Burger, 65.

2. FBI memorandum, June 20, 1942, 98-10288-43.

3. Burger section, FBI file, 147-7-4219.

4. Burger section, FBI file 146-7-4219.

5. FBI memo, June 21, 1942, 98-10288-276.

6. Quirin interrogation, June 20, 1942.

7. FBI log of Dasch movements, 98-10288-128.

8. Dasch FBI statement, 57b.

9. FBI NY file, 146-7-4219, 66.

10. Dasch FBI statement, 68.

11. Ibid., 65.

12. Ladd memorandum, June 20, 1942, 98-10288-48.

13. Chicago Daily Tribune, June 20, 1942.

14. Survey of Intelligence Materials, no. 30, OWI, July 1, 1942, FDR Library.

15. Hans Haupt FBI interview, 98-10288-398.

16. Author interview with Wolfgang Wergin, May 2002; statement to U.S. Army, May 20, 1945, FBI file 98-10288-3456.

17. Herbert Haupt FBI interview, July 3, 1942.

18. The Invaders was a 1942 movie also released under the title The Forty-ninth Parallel; see also Lucille Froehling FBI interrogation, 98-10288-436.

19. Tribunal, 2213, 2069, 2070.

20. FBI surveillance report, July 23, 1942, 98-10288-262.

21. The Commodore has since been rebuilt as the Grand Hyatt New York.

22. Edward Kerling letter to Miriam Preston, November 25, 1941, RG 65, NARA.

23. Kerling letter to Preston, November 25, 1941.

24. Edward Kerling letter to Marie Kerling, August 3, 1942, 98-10288-2089.

25. Kerling letters to Helmut Leiner, Hedy Engemann, and Marie Kerling, August 3 and August 8, 1942.

26. Tribunal, 2284-2286; Kerling FBI interviews, June 28 and June 30.

27. Traynor memo, FBI file 98-10288-73.

28. Dasch FBI statement, 160.

29. Ibid., 110–111.

30. FBI memo by E. P. Coffey, June 22, 1942, 98-10288-236.

31. Dasch FBI statement, 166.

32. Hoover memo, 98-10288-173.

33. Herbert Haupt FBI statement, June 29, 1942; FBI memo, June 22, 1942, 98-10288-194.

34. FBI memo, June 21, 1942, 98-10266-276.

35. FBI surveillance report, July 23, 1942, loc. cit.

36. FBI interrogation of Hedwig Engemann, June 30, 1942; see also Leiner interrogation, June 30, 1942.

37. Tribunal, 2378, 2387.

CHAPTER TEN: WIVES AND GIRLFRIENDS

1. Tribunal, 2261.

2. Marie Kerling interview with FBI, June 28, 1942, 98-10288-391.

3. Tribunal, 2724.

4. Ibid., 2173.

5. Erna Haupt FBI interview, July 2, 1942, 98-10288-227.

6. Confidential letter to FBI from car salesman, 98-10288-585.

7. FBI interview with Gerda Stuckmann, FBI file 98-10288-406.

8. Chicago FBI report, July 5, 1942, 98-10288-406.

9. Dasch letter to Burger, June 22, 1942, FBI files.

10. Author interview with Traynor, January 2002.

11. FBI log on Dasch, June 24, 1942, New York file 65-11065.

12. Dasch FBI statement, 212.

13. Ibid., 189.

14. Cramer letter to Thiel, November 25, 1941, FBI files.

15. Tribunal, 2758–2761; Kerling’s version, 2303–2306; Thiel’s version, 2264–2265. See also Kerling FBI detention log, June 24, 1942.

16. Kerling FBI interrogation, June 24, 1942.

17. Neubauer FBI statement, July 3, 1942. See also FBI file, 98-10288-1000, and FBI interrogations of Harry and Emma Jaques, 98-10288-390, 98-10288-403.

18. FBI surveillance report, July 23, 1942, 98-10288-262; see also individual agent reports, FBI file 98-19277-1330.

19. Billboard, November 5, 1921.

20. Tribunal, 2214; Herbert Haupt FBI interview, June 29, 1942.

21. Hoover memo, June 24, 1942, 98-10288-37.

22. Tribunal, 2305; FBI photographs, NARA.

23. Dasch FBI statement, 252.

24. Traynor memo, June 25, 1942, 98-10288-128.

25. Ladd memo, July 6, 1942, FBI files.

26. FBI log book on Dasch, July 25, 1942; Dasch, Eight Spies Against America, 134.

27. FBI interview with Erna Haupt, July 2, 1942, 98-10288-227.

28. Chicago FBI report, July 5, 1942, 98-10288-406.

29. Haupt FBI interview, July 3, 1942.