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Michael Dobbs - Saboteurs

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Название:
Saboteurs
Автор:
Michael Dobbs
Издательство:
Vintage Books
Жанр:
История / military_history / на английском языке
Год:
2005
Город:
New York
ISBN:
978-0307427557
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3 / 5. Голосов: 1
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In 1942, Hitler’s Nazi regime trained eight operatives for a mission to infiltrate America and do devastating damage to its infrastructure. It was a plot that proved historically remarkable for two reasons: the surprising extent of its success and the astounding nature of its failure. Soon after two U-Boats packed with explosives arrived on America’s shores–one on Long Island, one in Florida—it became clear that the incompetence of the eight saboteurs was matched only by that of American authorities. In fact, had one of the saboteurs not tipped them off, the FBI might never have caught the plot’s perpetrators—though a dozen witnesses saw a submarine moored on Long Island.
As told by Michael Dobbs, the story of the botched mission and a subsequent trial by military tribunal, resulting in the swift execution of six saboteurs, offers great insight into the tenor of the country—and the state of American intelligence—during World War II and becomes what is perhaps a cautionary tale for our times.

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20. Dasch FBI statement, 183.

21. FBI interrogation of Hermann Faje, June 29, 1942.

22. U-202 log, NARA, Microform Room, May 28–30, 1942.

23. Dasch FBI statement, 102.

24. Ibid., 2.

25. Ibid., 4.

26. Burger, 1–3.

27. FBI memo, August 24, 1942, 98-10288-1974.

28. Dasch FBI statement, 40.

29. Ibid., 185.

30. U-202 log, June 2, 1942.

31. Dasch FBI statement, 41.

32. Tribunal, 1993.

33. NYT, June 13, 1942.

34. Dasch FBI statement, 86–88.

35. Ibid., 142.

36. FBI memo, August 24, 1942, loc. cit.

37. Report from Radioman Kuenne, U-boot Archiv; see also Burger, 35; U-202 log, June 15, 1942.

38. Dasch FBI statement, 42.

39. Ibid., 41, 171.

40. Burger, 15, 50.

41. Ibid., 51.

42. Otto Wagner account, loc. cit.

43. Budiansky, Battle of Wits, 237.

44. Dasch, Eight Spies Against America, 95.

45. Burger, 52.

46. Dasch FBI statement, 42; Burger, 53; U-202 log, June 13, 1942.

47. Ahlrichs FBI interrogation, 98-10288-341.

48. Otto Wagner, loc. cit.

49. Dasch FBI statement, 117.

50. Ibid., 43.

51. Dasch, Eight Spies Against America, 97.

52. Burger, 54.

53. Dasch FBI statement, 42.

CHAPTER FIVE: THE BEACH

1. Stetson Conn et al., The U.S. Army in World War II: Guarding the United States and Its Outposts, 97.

2. Henry Landau, The Enemy Within, 77–80.

3. Materials for Joint Chiefs of Staff meeting, March 30, 1942.

4. Memorandum from FDR naval aide John McCrea, April 6, 1942, to Admiral Ernest King.

5. Author interview with John Cullen, January 2002; see also New Yorker, “Talk of the Town,” July 25, 1942.

6. Confidential U.S. Coast Guard memorandum 602, New York District, April 11, 1942.

7. Cullen interview.

8. Cullen interview; Tribunal, 101–107; Cullen statement to FBI, 98-10288-2139; Dasch FBI statement, 43–44; Tribunal, 2533–2534; Cullen statement to FBI agent Connelley, June 19, 1942, FBI file 146-7-4219.

9. Dasch FBI statement, 126–128.

10. Carl Jennett interview, 1997, the History Project, Inc., 14; Jennett FBI interview, 98-10288-2139.

11. In his testimony to the military tribunal, Cullen estimated the elapsed time at around twenty minutes, but the Office of Naval Intelligence reported that he did not get back to the beach until 0105. (NARA RG 38 ONI Security classified administrative correspondence, June 18, 1942.)

12. Cullen interview; Cullen statement to FBI, loc. cit.

13. FBI memorandum, 98-10288-347.

14. Otto Wagner account, U-boot Archiv, Cuxhaven; Günther Gellermann, Der Andere Auftrag, 67.

15. U-202 log, June 13, 1942.

16. Ibid., June 15, 1942.

17. Dasch, Eight Spies Against America, 102; Burger, 55.

18. Dasch FBI statement, 45, 125–128.

19. Ibid., 45.

20. Burger, 56; Dasch FBI statement, 118.

21. Author interview with Fred W. Nirschel Jr., August 2002.

22. Eastern Sea Frontier war diary, chapter 4, June 1942, NARA, RG 38, Box 332; see also Third Naval District intelligence office memorandum, June 29, 1942; Coast Guard intelligence memorandum, June 18, 1942, NARA RG 38 ONI Security classified administrative correspondence.

23. ESF war diary, chapter 4.

24. Ibid., chapter 5, July 1942.

25. Ibid., chapter 4.

26. Jennett interview, the History Project.

27. Warren Barnes statement to FBI, 98-10288-2139.

28. Otto Wagner account, U-boot Archiv.

29. Carl Jennett statement to FBI, 98-10288-2139.

30. Tribunal, 125.

31. ESF war diary, July 1942.

32. Tribunal, 110.

33. Jennett interview, the History Project.

34. FBI interviews with Barnes and Jennett, 98-10288-2139.

35. FBI memorandum, June 17, 1942, 146-7-4219; Cullen interview with FBI, 98-10288-2139.

36. Coast Guard Intelligence report on “activity vicinity of Amagansett Lifeboat Station,” June 18, 1942.

37. Burger, 56.

38. Dasch FBI statement, 46. Although Dasch estimates that the distance to the railroad station was “two or three miles,” maps and an on-site inspection show that it was around a mile.

39. FBI file 98-10288-1827.

40. Louise Maunsell Field, ed., Amagansett Lore and Legend, 70; Dasch FBI statement, 133; Field, 71.

CHAPTER SIX: NEW YORK, NEW YORK

1. Dasch, Eight Spies Against America, 104.

2. Tribunal, 977.

3. Dasch FBI statement, 46, 133; NYT, June 13, 1942.

4. Burger, 58.

5. Dasch FBI statement, 133.

6. Governor Clinton Hotel letterhead; FBI memorandum, June 20, 1942, 98-10288-43. The hotel has since been renamed the Southgate Tower.

7. Coast Guard press release, July 15, 1942.

8. White House memorandum, June 26, 1939.

9. FBI memorandum, July 21, 1942, 98-10288-1055; NYT, June 14, 1942.

10. FBI memorandum, June 25, 1942, 98-10288-389; Coast Guard intelligence office memorandum, June 18, 1942.

11. Dasch admission summary, September 29, 1942, Bureau of Prisons.

12. Dasch FBI statement, 137.

13. Full-page ad, NYT, June 14, 1942.

14. NYT, June 14, 1942.

15. FBI memorandum for attorney general, June 17, 1942; FBI laboratory report, July 2, 1942.

16. Hoover memorandum, June 15, 1942, 98-10288-25; Tribunal, 203–236.

17. Hoover memorandum, June 15, 1942, loc. cit.

18. FBI memorandum, June 15, 1942, 98-10288-40.

19. Author interview with Cullen, January 2002.

20. FBI memorandum, June 25, 1942, 98-10288-389.

21. Coast Guard intelligence memorandum, June 18, 1942.

22. ESF war diary, chapter 4, June 1942.

23. Dasch FBI statement, 138; Dasch, Eight Spies Against America, 106.

24. Burger, 58; Dasch FBI statement, 16.

25. Burger, 8.

26. Burger, 58; Tribunal, 2537.

27. Dasch, Eight Spies Against America, 106.

CHAPTER SEVEN: HIGH STAKES

1. Tribunal, 2537; Dasch, Eight Spies Against America, 111.

2. Tribunal, 2676.

3. Burger, 58.

4. Ibid., 59.

5. Ibid., 3–9, 60.

6. Dasch FBI statement, 49; Burger, 60.

7. Dasch FBI statement, 49.

8. Ibid., 130.

9. Burger, 61.

10. Ibid., 61.

11. Tribunal, 2481; Burger, 61; Dasch FBI statement, 49.

12. McWhorter memo, June 14, 1942, FBI NY file, 65-11065-79.

13. Dasch FBI statement, 52; see also Burger, 67, and Tribunal, 2578.

14. William Sullivan, The Bureau, 183.

15. Hoover memo, June 19, 1942, 98-10288-27.

16. U-202 log, June 13, 1942.

17. Lahousen war diary, June 15, 1942.

18. Tribunal, 2538, 2560–2562, 2614.

19. FBI interview with Joseph Mayer, July 21, 1942, 98-10288-1272.

20. FBI memo, August 15, 1942, 98-10288-1810.

21. Ibid.

22. Ibid.

23. Tribunal, 2560–2562; Dasch, Eight Spies Against America, 109–110.

24. Letter from Hermann Lamby, former U-584 crew member, U-boot Archiv, Cuxhaven.

25. FBI statements of Hermann Neubauer, July 2, 1942, and Herbert Haupt, June 28, 1942, NARA, 98-10288.

26. FBI statement of Edward Kerling, June 28, 1942, 98-10288-1174.

27. Miami FBI report, October 24, 1942, 98-10288-2213.

28. FBI statements of Kerling and Haupt, op. cit.

29. Haupt FBI statement; FBI property list.

30. Tribunal, 2414.

31. Burger, 63.

32. Ibid., 63.

33. Tribunal, 2679.

34. Burger, 64.

35. Heinck letter to family, FBI file 98-10288, July 1942; Heinck FBI biography; Quirin FBI statement, July 3, 1942; FBI New York report, July 1, 1942, 146-7-4219. See also FBI memo, 98-10288-1827.