Джек Голдстоун - Почему Европа? Возвышение Запада в мировой истории, 1500-1850

John М. Hobson, The Eastern Origins of Western Civilization (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), 149; Sushi! Chaudhury, “The Inflow of Silver to Bengal in Global Perspective, c. 1650–1757”, in Global Connections and Monetary History, 1470–1800, ed. Dennis O. Flynn, Arturo Giraldez, and Richard von Glahn (Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Publishing, 2003), 167.

Massimo Livi-Bacci, A Concise History of World Population (Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 1992), 31.

Об Англии (включая Уэльс): E.A. Wrigley and Roger Schofield, Population History of England, 1341–1871: A Reconstruction (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1,989), 529. О России: Livi-Bacci, ibid. О Китае: James Lee and Wang Keng, One Quarter of Humanity: Malthusian Mythology and Chinese Realities (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999), 28.

Источники: Massimo Livi-Bacci, History of World Population (Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 1992); James Lee and Wang Feng, One Quarter of Humanity: Malthusian Mythology and Chinese Realities (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999), p-54; Грегори Кларк, Прощай, нищета! Краткая экономическая история мира (М.: Издательство Института Гайдара, 2012).

Nikola Koepke and Joerg Baten, “The Biological Standard of Living in Europe during the Last Two Millennia”, European Review of Economic History 9 (2005): 61–95.

Источник: Robert С. Allen, “The Great Divergence in European Wages and Prices from the Middle Ages to the First World War”, Exploration in Economic History 38 (2001): 428.

Источник: Robert С.Allen, “Real Wages in Europe and Asia: A First Look at the Long-Term Patterns”, in Living Standards in the Past: New Perspectives on Well-Being in Asia and Europe, ed. Robert G. Allen, Tommy Bengtsson, and Martin Dribe (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 122.

Источник: Tertius Chandler, Four Thousand Tears of Urban Growth: An Historical Census (Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellon Press, 1987).

Источник: Robert С. Allen, “Agricultural Productivity and Rural Incomes in England and the Yangtze Delta, c. 1620-c. 1820”, Economic History Review, 2009, vol. 62,

Gregory Clark, “Farm Wages and Living Standards in the Industrial Revolution: England, 1670–1869”, The Economic History Review 54 (2001): 496.

Peter Lorge, War Politics and Society in Early Modem China, 900-1795 (London: Routledge, 2005), p. 103.

Источник: Li Chen and Ugurlu Soylu, “Innovations in the Chinese History of Science: Compiled from Joseph Needham’s Science and Civilization in China”, in Political Competition, Innovation and Growth in the History of Asian Civilizations, edited by Peter Bernholz and Roland Vaubel (Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2004), p. 92.

Хлопок: потреблено тыс. метр. т необработанного хлопка-сырца. Из: В. R. Milchcll, European Historical Statistics 1750-1970 (Columbia University Press, 1978), pp. 251–254.

Уголь: добыто млн. метр. т. Из: http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/coal.htm.

Первичный чугун: произведено тыс. т. Данные на период 1700–1850 из: P.Riden “The output of the British iron industry before 1870” Economic History Review 30,1997, pp. 443, 448, 455; на 1900 г. см.: В. R. Mitchcll, European Historical Statistics 1750–1970 (New York; Columbia University Press, 1978), p. 218.

Пароходы: тыс. т водоизм. Цит. no: Simon Ville, “Transport” in R. Floud and P. Jonshon, Cambridge Economic History of Modem Britain, 1700–1860 (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004), p.303 [1820J.

Железные дороги: km. Цит. no: Simon Ville, “Transport”, in R. Floud and P.Jonshon, Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain, 1700–1860 (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004), p.305 [1830].

Паровые двигатели и водоподъемные колеса: тыс. л.с. (в основном в горной промышленности и производстве). Цит. но: Alessandro Nuvo- lari, The Making of Steam Power Technology (Eindhoven, Netherlands: Eindhoven University Press, 2004), p. 8 [за период 1830–1870].

Шерстяные изделия: потреблено тыс. метр. м шерсти-сырца. Цит. по: В. R. Mitchell, European Historical Statistics 1750–1970 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1978), pp. 260–262 [1775, 1810].

Льняные изделия: потреблено тыс. метр, т льна и пеньки. Цит. по: В. R. Mitchell, European Historical Statistics 1750–1970 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1978), pp. 268–269 [1775, 1810].

Население: млн. жителей в Англии и Уэльсе. Цит. по: E.A.Wrigley and R. S. Schofield, The Population History of England, 1541–1871 (Cambridge, MA; Harvard University Press, 1981), pp. 528–529.

Nathan Rosenberg, Inside the Black Box: Technology and Economics (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 15)82), 59–60.

Abbott Pavson Usher, “The Industrialization of Modern Britain”, Technology and Culture 1 (i960): 110.

William N. Parker, Europe, America, and the Wider World, Essays on the Eco nomic History of Western Capitalism (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1984), 33.

Ian Inkster, “Technology as the Cause of the Industrial Revolution, Some Comments”, Journal of European Economic History 12 (1983): 656.

Е. A. Wrigley, Continuity, Chance, and Change (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1.988).

Joel Mokyr, Ihe Gifts of Athena: Historical Origins of the Knowledge Economy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002), 29.

JohnJ. O’Conner and Edmund F. Robertson, “Arab Mathematics: Forgotten Brilliance?” The MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive (School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St. Andrews, Scotland: 1999), http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Historics/Arabic_mat hematics.html.

Ibid.

Vaclav Smil, Energy in World History (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1994), 186–187.

Jonathan Spence, The Search for Modern China (New York: W. W. Norton, 1990), 158.

World Bank Development Indicators on-line, http://mutex.gmu.edu: 3.9 65/ex t/DDPQQ/member.do?method_getMembers&userid_i&queryld_6.