Vadim Birstein - The Perversion of Knowledge

102. Ibid., pp. 529–530.

103. Ibid., p. 529.

104. Shlykov gave the first testimony against Vavilov on July 13, 1937, cited in the Information on Vavilov prepared by Deputy Head of the Eighth Division of the Fourth (Special) Department GUGB NKVD Ya. Vostrikov before Vavilov’s arrest (document 6 in Rokityansky et al., Sud palacha , pp. 187–195). Then, on July 7, 1938, Shlykov wrote his secret letter addressed to the head of the Leningrad Regional NKVD Department (Soyfer, Lysenko , p. 532). Full texts of the letters are given in Soyfer, Lysenko , pp. 117–120.

105. Medvedev, The Rise and Fall , pp. 260–261.

106. Document 29 in Rokityansky et al., Sud palacha , pp. 251–254.

107. Document 31 (minutes of the interrogation) in ibid., pp. 255–258.

108. Documents 32 and 34 (minutes of interrogations) in ibid., pp. 258–261, 263–264.

109. Document 35 in ibid., p. 265.

110. In fact, Schwartzman was acting head of this department.

111. Vavilov and Rokityansky, “Golgotha,” p. 833; Vavilov and Rokityansky, “Znaniya broshennye v ogon’,” pp. 628–629. A list of interrogations from Vavilov’s Investigation File is given as document 97 in Rokityansky et al., Sud palacha , pp. 462–468. Transcripts of many interrogations are also given in the same book.

112. Kokurin and Petrov, Lubyanka , pp. 20–35.

113. Documents 74, 80, 86, and 93 in Rokityansky et al., Sud palacha , pp. 402–404, 413–414, 441–443, and 453–455.

114. Documents 82, 98, 101, 102 in ibid., pp. 432–435, 468–475, 481–484, and 484–489.

115. Chebrikov et al., Istoriya , pp. 240–241.

116. Popovsky, The Vavilov Affair , pp. 136–137. For comparison: In the 1980s, the KGB Operational File on Academician Sakharov consisted of 540 volumes (Stetsovsky, Istoriya , vol. 2, p. 72).

117. See “A Decision of the Military Collegium of the USSR Supreme Court No. 4 n-011514/55,” dated August 20, 1955. The text is given in the appendix to Vavilov and Rokityansky, “Golgotha,” p. 844.

118. Chebrikov et al., Istoriya , p. 257.

119. Popovsky, The Vavilov Affair , pp. 138–139.

120. Ibid., pp. 139–140; Levitskaya and Lassan, “Materialy k biografii,” p. 115.

121. Popovsky, The Vavilov Affair , p. 152.

122. Cited in ibid., p. 153.

123. Soyfer, Valery, Vlast i Nauka. Istoriya razgroma genetiki v SSSR [Power and Science: A History of the Destructon of Genetics in the USSR] (Tenafly, NJ: Hermitage, 1989), pp. 351 and 362 (in Russian).

124. Medvedev, The Rise and Fall , pp. 56–57; Popovsky, The Vavilov Affair , p. 153.

125. “Eta gor’kaya pravda.”

126. Soyfer, Lysenko , p. 157.

127. The letter is cited in Vavilov and Rokityansky, “Znaniya, broshennye v ogon’,” p. 626.

128. These names are given in “Decision of the Military Collegium of the USSR Supreme Court No. 4 n-011514/55,” dated August 20, 1955. The text is given (document No. 10) in the appendix in Vavilov and Rokityansky, “Golgotha,” pp. 844–845.

129. Vavilov and Rokityansky, “Golgotha,” p. 844.

130. The “Decision of the Military Collegium” (document no. 10) in the appendix in Vavilov and Rokityansky, “Golgotha,” p. 845.

131. Document 31 in Rokityansky et al., Sud palacha , p. 257.

132. Document 38 in ibid., p. 269.

133. Margolin was shot in 1938 (Joravsky, The Lysenko Affair , p. 324; Levitskaya and Lassan, “Materialy k biografii,” p. 115).

134. Document 43 in Rokityansky et al., Sud palacha , pp. 288–295.

135. Popovsky, The Vavilov Affair , p. 147.

136. Document 49 in Rokityansky et al., Sud palacha , pp. 300–303.

137. Documents 58 and 371 in ibid., pp. 361–371.

138. Document 63 in ibid., pp. 378–381.

139. Hodos, Show Trials , pp. 17–18.

140. Ibid., pp. 18–23.

141. Soyfer, Lysenko , p. 357.

142. Vavilov and Rokityansky, “Znaniya, broshennye v ogon’,” p. 635.

143. Soyfer, Lysenko , p. 357. Dr. Soyfer received notes about Karpechenko’s Investigation File No. 981251 from Dr. Daniil Lebedev (St. Petersburg), whom the FSB allowed to examine this file in 1993.

144. Levina, Ye. S., “Tragediya N. I. Vavilova” [The tragedy of N. I. Vavilov], in Yaroshevsky, Repressirovannaya Nauka, p. 235. The report is kept in the Archive of the VIR, D. 143a, pp. 79–82.

145. Popovsky, The Vavilov Affair , p. 147.

146. A secret letter addressed “To the Central Committee of the Communist (Bolshevik) Party. To C.[omrade] I. V. Stalin,” signed by Vice President Bondarenko and Party Secretary Klimov and dated March 27, 1935. The text is given (document no. 2) in the appendix to Vavilov and Rokityansky, “Znaniya broshennye v ogon’,” pp. 632–633. The original is kept at the Russian Federation Presidential Archive, F. 3, Op. 30, D. 63, pp. 142–146.

147. A “Strictly Secret” letter of the Head of the Special Sector of the Central Committee to the members of and candidates to the Central Committee, dated April 5, 1935. The copy has a note: “Should be returned to the Second Department of the Special Sector of the Central Committee.” The list of names included the following persons: Andreev, Chubar’, Eikhe, Kaganovch, Kalinin, Kossior, Mikoyan, Molotov, Ordzhonikidze, Petrovsky, Postyshev, Stalin, Voroshilov, and Zhdanov. Of all these persons, Vlas Chubar’, Robert Eikhe, Stanislav Kossior, and Pavel Postyshev were arrested and shot in 1937–1938; Sergei Ordzhonikidze committed suicide (Conquest, The Great Terror , pp. 167–173, 419–420). The text of the letter is given (document no. 3) in the appendix to Vavilov and Rokityansky, “Znaniya broshennye v ogon’,” p. 633. The original is kept at the Russian Federation Presidential Archive, F. 3, Op. 30, D. 63, p. 141.

148. Levitskaya and Lassan, “Materialy k biografii,” p. 119.

149. Document 71 in Rokityansky et al., Sud palacha , pp. 394–397.

150. Levitskaya and Lassan, “Materialy k biografii,” p. 148.

151. Document 76 in Rokityansky et al., Sud palacha , pp. 407–408.

152. Interrogations on March 11 and 20 (documents 75 and 77 in ibid., pp. 404–406 and 409–410).

153. Document 78 in ibid., pp. 410–411.

154. Document 85 in ibid., pp. 438–441.

155. Document 88 in ibid., pp. 444–445.

156. Document 89 in ibid., pp. 445–446.

157. Document 99 in ibid., pp. 475–480.

158. Soyfer, Vlast’ i nauka , pp. 148, 298.

159. Document 100 in Rokityansky et al., Sud palacha , pp. 480–481.

160. Albats, The State , p. 77.

161. Popovsky, The Vavilov Affair , p. 151.

162. Appendix in Vavilov and Rokityansky, “Golgotha,” p. 845.

163. From the “Resolution of the Military Collegium of the USSR Highest Court” No. 4 n-011514/55 (dated August 20, 1955). The text is cited in Vavilov and Rokityansky, “Znaniya broshennye v ogon’.”

164. Documents 98, 101, 102, and 108 in Rokityansky et al., Sud palacha , pp. 468–475 481–484, 495–500.

165. Document 101 in ibid., p. 483.

166. Document 102 in ibid., p. 485.

167. Document 108 in ibid., p. 499.

168. The recollection is given in Popovsky, The Vavilov Affair , p. 150.

169. Flaksberger was mentioned in the “Decision of the Military Collegium of the USSR Supreme Court No. 4 n-011514/55” dated August 20, 1955. The text is given (document no. 10) in the appendix in Vavilov and Rokityansky, “Golgotha,” p. 844.

170. Popovsky, The Vavilov Affair , p. 164; Soyfer, Lysenko , p. 357n.