Julian Barbour - The End of Time - The Next Revolution in Physics

Lange, Ludwig 346

Lapchinskii, V. 258

Laplace, Pierre 71, 76, 88

Laplacian determinism, perfect 83, 156, 177

Laue, Max von 190

least action, principle of 111–3

least-time theory 110

Leibniz, Willhelm Gottfried 16, 63–4, 74, 110, 119, 240, 322

on creation 63–4, 110–11

identity of indiscernibles 85–6

principle of sufficient reason 64, 86

satirized as Dr Pangloss 111

Leibniz-Clarke Correspondence 63–4

length of time 19, 100–2, 107, 123, 133, 173

Liebscher, Dierck 6, 73, 346

light

cone 148

diffraction 285

interference 124, 125

polarization 244

quanta (photons) 187, 188, 191, 243–4

rays 269–73

refraction 110

wave theory 124, 125, 269–71

‘line of time’ 27–8

linearity

in quantum mechanics 225, 231, 275

of time 19, 27–8

Littlejohn, Robert 347

Lorentz, Hendrik Anton 128

Lorentz frames 141

Lorentz transformation 141

lottery, cosmic 52–3

Lovelock, James 4

Mach, Ernst 65, 153, 334

on inertia 65–6

on time 67

Machian distinguished simplifier 120, 170–1

Mach’s principle 65–6, 113–5

magnetism 124, 126

Makino, Jun 346

many-instants 302–5

many-worlds 53, 221–7, 229–302, 323–4

mass

centre of 79–81

of particles 243–4

matrix mechanics 13, 189, 280

Maupertuis, Pierre 111

Maxwell, James Clerk 15, 124–5

McMillan, Steve 346

McTaggart, John 343

measurement problem 200, 224

measurements 200, 222–4

mechanics 12

Megamolecule Land 43

memory 19, 28, 32–3, 53, 55–6, 300

mental pictures 206–7

Mercury 161

Michelson-Morley experiment 128

Middlemarch 330–1

Midsummer Night’s Dream, A 276

Minkowski, Hermann 12, 138–42, 144, 147, 150–1

Minkowski space-time 141–2, 143, 145, 146, 174

Misner, Charles 167

mist(s) 51, 197

molecules 210, 235

momentum 200

angular 86–90

eigenstates 201

Monadology 111, 240

Moon 98–9, 205, 298

motion 61–70

absolute 62, 119

brain processing 28–30, 267

Descartes on 61–2

as an illusion 39, 46–9, 266–7, 329–35

Newtonian concepts 12, 20–1, 22, 62–3

‘philosophical’ 61

relative 61–2, 63, 119

Mott, Nevill 284, 307, 310, 354

movement see motion

music of the spheres 75, 325–6

Neumann, Carl 99–100

Newton, Isaac 11, 12, 20–2, 119

on absolute motion 62

on absolute space 20, 62–3

on absolute time 20

on creation 22

on Descartes 62

laws of 12, 20–1, 22, 64

on making his discoveries 74

on motion 12, 20–1, 22, 62–3

Newtonian space-time 139–40, 146, 174

Newtonian time 107

no-boundary proposal of Hawking 312

Nobel Prize for Physics 187, 235

Nows 16, 18, 34, 40–1, 43, 44–5, 55–6, 174, 177, 333

Einstein on 143

and experiences 51–2, 53–4

and memories 55–6

in relativity 142–6

self-awareness 52–3

observables 204

odd numbers rule 93–4

Olivieri, Claudio 333

Omego 328

Ó Murchadha, Niall 35, 349, 352, 358

ontology 138, 301

optics 269–71

optimization 109–13

ovens, heating 185

Page, Don 257, 358

Pais, Abraham 123

Pangloss, Dr 111

parabolic motion 94, 95, 96

paradigms 115

Parmenides 1

particles 185–92

mass of 243–4

‘past’ 299, 300 see also history

paths 43–4, 69, 111–3, 118

Pavia 114

pea, number of atoms in 46–8

Penrose, Roger 7, 31, 166, 319, 320, 360

perihelion, advance of 161

persistence of objects 252

phase locking 259

‘philosophical’ motion 61

photons 187, 188, 191, 243–4

physics 38

end of 13–14

quantum versus classical 13, 15–16

Pied Beauty 75, 323

Pinker, Steven 342–3

Planck, Max 13, 185–6

Planck length 311

Planck mass 311

Planck time 311

Planck’s constant 186

planets see solar system

Plato 44, 45

Platonia 44, 45–6, 47, 344

asymmetry of 55, 307–9

for Minkowski space-time 145

for general relativity 167–9

geodesics in 116–17, 118

‘mist’ over 51–6, 197–8

Platonic forms 44, 251

Podolsky, Boris 218

Poincaré, Henri 71, 76, 128, 135–6, 152–3, 156, 180, 346

on duration 123

Point Omega 328

polarized light 244

pond argument 127

position eigenstates 202

potential energy 90–1, 108, 112, 117

preferred-basis problem 226–7, 301

Price, Huw 341

principal function 272

principle theories 134

probability 24, 198–9, 203–4, 356

proper time 150–1, 175

psychophysical parallelism 226, 301–2

Ptolemy, Claudius 99

pulsars 166

Purser, John 325–6

Purser, Michael 5, 325, 336

Pythagoras’ theorem 150

Q space 209

quanta 13 see also photons

quantization 15, 166

quantum cosmology 16, 197, 247, 251, 284, 311–21

quantum gravity 15–16, 240, 242–8

quantum inseparability 216–17

quantum mechanics 183–245

discovery of 12–13, 185–92

good measurement in 223

measurement problem 200, 224

measurements in 200–4, 212–24

quantum of action 185–6

radioactive decay 284

realism 252

real objects 220, 227, 228

records 30–1, 32–3, 284–7, 292–6, 300

refraction 110

Reinsch, M 347

Reissner, Hans 115

relative motion 61–2, 63, 119

relativity 12, 121–81

Einstein on 12, 15, 129–32, 151–2, 155

Galilean 81–2, 151–2

general 12, 155

kinematic 152

special 12, 152

rest 126–7

Ricci tensor 161

Riemann, Bernhard 158–9

Riemannian spaces 159, 169

Rosen, Nathan 218

rotation 86–90, 157

Rovelli, Carlo 351

Rubakov, V. 258

Rutherford, Ernest 188

Saturn 89, 90

scalar fields 191

Schrödinger, Erwin 13, 115, 189–90, 207, 208–9

on ‘I’ 331–2

Nobel Prize for Physics 235

stationary equation 230, 231, 232–5, 253

time-dependent Schrödinger equation 230, 231, 258

wave-packets 275–80

self-awareness 52–3

self-interference 197

semiclassical approach 258, 259–64, 273

semiclassical solution 258, 288, 296

Shape Space 73, 74–7

Shapere, A. 348

Sharp, David 175–6

Shimony, Abner 329, 343, 360

shortest paths 111–13, 117–18

shortest-time theory 110

sidereal time 97, 98

simultaneity 12, 123, 129–32

simultaneity hyperplanes 143–4

Smolin, Lee 239–41, 322, 327, 337, 351

snapshots 18–19, 20

solar system 12, 88–9

as a clock 106–7

solar time 97, 98

solipsism 50, 252, 300

space 138

absolute 20, 62–3, 83–5, 92, 119–20, 235–7

space-like 149

space-time 12, 138–42, 145–6, 155–6

curvature 12, 159, 160, 161

distance in 147, 150, 151

Minkowski 141–2, 143, 145, 146, 174

Newtonian 139–40, 146, 174

past, present and future 147–50

spatiotemporal framework 136

specious present 28

spectral lines 188–9

speed 96, 97