Елена Васильева: English grammar: 100 main rules

– agrees with a plural verb

Which project is better?Bothare good.

– Use ofbetween bothand another determiner.

Both of theserestaurants are expensive.

Olivia knowsboth of hisbrothers.

– Use both ofwith a personal object pronoun (him, her, them, etc); use bothafter a personal subject pronoun (he, she, they).

Both ofthem (They both) are suitable.

It's a game thatboth ofus (we both) can play.

many/much

– manywith countable nouns; muchwith uncountable nouns

– refer to indefinitely large number of things or persons

Are theremanybooks on the desk?

Will it takemuchtime to get to the centre?

– mostly used in negative sentences and questions

Howmanyfriends have you got?

There isn'tmuchsense in it.

– If many/much are determined by as, so, too, very,use them in affirmative sentences as well.

There weretoomany variants to choose.

They have changed somuchthis year.

– If many/much are the subject or the subject attribute, then they can be used in affirmative sentences too.

Muchof the work has already been completed.

Manystudents attend extra classes.

Note

Words a lot (of), lots (of), a plenty (of)are commonly used in affirmative sentences.

We havea lotto discuss.

There arelots ofeasy ways to follow.

They still haveplenty ofsnow.

few, little

– fewwith countables; littlewith uncountables

– refer to indefinitely small number off things or persons; the implied meaning is "not enough"

Nick is sad because he hasfewfriends here.

There waslittleflour, so I couldn't bake a cake.

– The indefinite article a/anwith the pronouns few/littlechanges the implied meaning for positive "enough".

John hasa fewfriends there.

There wasa littleflour, so I could bake a cake.

– It is preferable to use anyin negative sentences and questions.

Does John haveanyfriends there?

Andy doesn't haveanyfriends there.

Is thereanyflour at home?

There isnoflour at all.

enough

– with both countable and uncountable nouns

– refers to indefinite but sufficient number of something

You haveenoughtime to write an article.

Andrew told themenough.

one

– refers to an undetermined person in general

Onecannot learn a language in three months.

Oneshould pay taxes.

Note

In the informal language undetermined persons can be as well expressed by the pronouns youor they.

Youmust always try to do your best.

Theysay the weather is changing.

Note

The pronoun one can be used in the possessive form (one's) or in its reflexive form (oneself).

One must learn fromone'smistakes.

One should be careful not to hurtoneself.

– agrees with a singular verb

Oneneverknowswhat may happen.

More thanonevariantisappropriate.

– substitutes the noun to avoid repetition; often used in Which-questions

See those two handsome men? Andrew is the tallerone.

Which dress has Olivia chosen? The redone.

Note

the plural form of the pronoun is also possible.

Andrew bought three apples: a redoneand two yellowones.

Your problems are theonesthat understood by many parents.

other

– with countables and uncountables

– The implied meaning "different" is used for indefinite number of things or persons.

Can you bringothershoes, I don't like these ones.

I can't meet you today. Let's do it someothertime.

Let's watchothermovie, I'm scared.

others

– substitutes a plural noun

Othersmay know us better than we know ourselves.

Some tourists stay on the beach,othersexplore the town.

another

– only with singular countable nouns

– The implied meaning is "additional, one more".

Please give meanotherchance.

The example is not clear? Would you likeanother?

the other

– with countable plural or singular nouns

– The implied meaning "remaining, the rest" is for definite number of things or persons.

There are two pens on the desk – one is blue,the otheris red.

You may take one orthe other.You cannot take both.

the others

– substitutes plural nouns

There were three keys in the drawer. One is here, where arethe others?

Don't forgetthe others.

Reciprocal Pronouns

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