84 Edwin M. Borchard . Convicting the Innocent and State Indemnity for Errors of Criminal Justice. Seattle: Justice Institute, 2013.
85 Там же.
86 Carole McCartney . Building Institutions to Address Miscarriages of Justice in England and Wales: Mission Accomplished? // University of Cincinnati Law Review. Vol. 80. 2013. № 4.
87 Более подробно о роли ДНК в уголовном правосудии см.: Jim Dwyer, Barry Scheck, and Peter Neufeld . Actual Innocence: When Justice Goes Wrong and How to Make It Right. N. Y.: New American Library, 2003; а также David Lazer et al. DNA and the Criminal Justice System: The Technology of Justice. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004.
88 http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Blood-groups/Pages/Introductions.aspx.
89 Цит. по: Jim Dwyer, Barry Scheck, Peter Neufeld . Actual Innocence.
90 Подробнее про ошибки, связанные с трактовкой анализа очень маленьких фрагментов ДНК, см.: David Bentley QC . DNA and Case Preparation // Law Society Gazette. 2015. January.
91 Информация о судебных ошибках взята из материалов проекта «Невиновность», государственных баз данных и различных бесед.
92 Информация о Майкле Ширли взята из судебных документов, отчетов и двух бесед с его адвокатом Анитой Бромли.
93 Проект «Невиновность».
94 Samuel R. Gross et al . Exonerations in the United States, 1989 through 2003 // Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. Vol. 95. 2005. № 2. P. 523–560.
95 Dwyer, Scheck, Neufeld . Actual Innocence.
96 Leon Festinger, Henry Riecken and Stanley Schachter . When Prophecy Fails. Eastford, CT: Martino Fine Books, 2009.
97 Результаты опроса взяты из: Carol Tavris, Elliot Aronson, Mistakes Were Made (but Not by Me): Why We Justify Foolish Beliefs, Bad Decisions and Hurtful Acts. L.: Pinter & Martin, 2013.
98 Elliot Aronson, Judson Mills . The Effect of Severity of Initiation on Liking for a Group // Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. Vol. 59. 1959. September.
99 Carol Tavris, Elliot Aronson . Mistakes Were Made (but Not by Me).
100 Charles Lord, Lee Ross, Mark Lepper . Biased Assimilation and Attitude Polarisation: The Effects of Poor Theories on Subsequently Considered Evidence // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Vol. 37. 1979.
101 Сайт проекта «Невиновность».
102 Kathryn Schulz . Being Wrong: Adventures in the Margin of Error. L.: Portobello Books, 2011.
103 Цит. по: Tavris, Aronson, Mistakes Were Made (but Not by Me).
104 Schulz. Being Wrong.
105 http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/27/magazine/dna-evidence-lake-county.html?_r=0.
106 Там же.
107 Dwyer, Scheck, Neufeld . Actual Innocence.
108 Там же.
109 Проект «Невиновность».
110 Dwyer, Scheck, Neufeld . Actual Innocence.
111 Tavris, Aronson . Mistakes Were Made (but Not by Me).
112 John Banja . Medical Errors and Medical Narcissism. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett, 2005.
113 Там же.
114 Там же.
115 Jeff Stone and Nicholas C. Fernandez . How Behaviour Shapes Attitudes: Cognitive Dissonance Processes. In: William D. Crano and Radmila Prislin (ed.) . Attitudes and Attitude Change. N. Y.: Psychology Press, 2013.
116 http://www.tonyblairoffice.org/news/entry/iraq-syria-and-the-middle-east-an-essay-by-tony-blair/.
117 http://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2010/11/15/open-letter-to-ben-ber-nanke/.
118 http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014–10–02/fed-critics-say-10-letter-warning-inflation-still-right.
119 http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014–10–02/fed-critics-say-10-letter-warning-inflation-still-right.
120 Philip E. Tetlock . Expert Political Judgement: How Good Is It? How Can We Know? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2006.
121 Sydney Finkelstein . Why Smart Executives Fail: And What You Can Learn from Their Mistakes. N. Y.: Portfolio/Penguin, 2013.
122 Terrance Odean. Are Investors Reluctant to Admit Their Losses? // Journal of Finance. 1998. October.
123 Paul J. H. Schoemaker . Brilliant Mistakes: Finding Success on the Far Side of Failure. Philadelphia: Wharton Digital Press, 2011.
124 Karl Popper . The Poverty of Historicism, L.: Routledge, 2002. (На рус. яз.: Поппер К. Нищета историцизма. М., 1993. Перевод С. Кудриной.)
125 Описано в кн.: Pronovost . Safe Patients, Smart Hospitals.
126 David Hilfiker . Facing Our Mistakes // New England Journal of Medicine. Vol. 310. 1984. № 2. P. 118–122.
127 C. E. Milch et al. Voluntary Electronic Reporting of Medical Errors and Adverse Events: An Analysis of 92,547 Reports from 26 Acute Care Hospitals // Journal of General Internal Medicine. Vol. 21. 2006. № 2. P. 165–170.
128 Pronovost . Safe Patients, Smart Hospitals.
129 История Лысенко изложена в десятках статей и книг, включая: Valery N. Soyfer . Lysenko and the Tragedy of Soviet Science, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2006 и Nils Roll-Hansen . The Lysenko Effect: The Politics of Science. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2004.
130 http://tauruspet.med.yale.edu/staff/edm42/IUPUI-website/emorris.tar/ emorris/emorris/Ethics%2 °Course%2009/Journal%20articles/lysenko-nature-rev-genetics2001-nrg0901_723a.pdf.
131 Jasper Becker . Hungry Ghosts: Mao’s Secret Famine. N. Y.: Simon & Schuster, 1997.
132 http://www.haydenplanetarium.org/tyson/watch/2008/06/19/george-bush-and-star-names.
133 http://thefederalist.com/2014/09/16/another-day-another-quote-fab-ricated-by-neil-degrasse-tyson/.
134 http://thefederalist.com/2014/09/16/neil-tysons-fi nal-words-on-his-quote-fabrications-my-bad/
135 Giuliana Mazzoni and Amina Memon . Imagination Can Create False Autobiographical Memories // Psychological Science. Vol. 14. 2003. № 2. P. 186–188.
136 Elizabeth F. Loftus, John C. Palmer . Reconstruction of Automobile Destruction: An Example of the Interaction Between Language and Memory // Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior. Vol. 13. 1974. P. 585–589.
137 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4177082.stm.
138 Сайт проекта «Невиновность».
139 Gary L. Wells, Nancy K. Steblay, Jennifer E. Dysart . A Test of the Simultaneous vs Sequential Lineup Methods: An Initial Report of the AJS National Eyewitness Identification Field Studies // American Judicature So ciety. Стоит отметить, что стоимость проведения этих реформ сравнительно мала.
14 °Cайт проекта «Невиновность».
141 http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2002–09–29/news/0209290340_1_ jogger-case-jogger-attack-matias-reyes.
142 Dwyer, Scheck, Neufeld . Actual Innocence.
143 http://www.miamiherald.com/incoming/article1953372.html.
144 Committee on Identifying the Needs of the Forensic Science Community National Research Council, Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States, отчет, 2009.
145 http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/02/opinion/why-our-memory-fails-us.html.
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