Peter Pomerantsev - This Is Not Propaganda

Associated Press, ‘A Look at Key Events in Syria’s Aleppo since 2016’, 14 December 2016; https://apnews.com/300da72a31284420810e1ba9ebef2052.

Amnesty International, ‘Death Everywhere: War Crimes and Human Rights Abuses in Aleppo, Syria’, 2015; https://www.amnesty.org.uk/files/mde2413702015english.pdf?R9pyrgEmq_XcKpQAqW_t2G8oKziKBO0h=.

Barnard, Anne and Somini Sengupta, ‘Syria and Russia Appear Ready to Scorch Aleppo’, New York Times, 25 September 2016; https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/26/world/middleeast/syria-un-security-council.html?smid=tw-share&_r=0&module=inline.

Atlantic Council, ‘Breaking Aleppo’, 2017; http://www.publications.atlanticcouncil.org/breakingaleppo/attacks-overview/.

For background on the use of barrel bombs and attacks on medical facilities, see:

Boghani, Priyanka, ‘A Staggering New Death Toll for Syria’s War – 470,000’, PBS, 11 February 2016; https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/a-staggering-new-death-toll-for-syrias-war-470000/; Barnard, Anne, ‘Death Toll from War in Syria Now 470,000, Group Finds’, New York Times, 11 February 2016; https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/12/world/middleeast/death-toll-from-war-in-syria-now-470000-group-finds.html; Physicians for Human Rights, ‘2015 Marks Worst Year for Attacks on Hospitals in Syria’, 18 December 2015; https://phr.org/news/2015-marks-worst-year-for-attacks-on-hospitals-in-syria/; International Committee of the Red Cross, ‘Syria: Aid Stepped Up Amidst Heavy Fighting in Aleppo Province’, 10 February 2016; https://www.icrc.org/en/document/syria-fighting-conflict-aleppo.

Physicians for Human Rights, ‘UN Security Council Calls for End to Attacks on Doctors, Hospitals’, 3 May 2016; https://phr.org/news/un-security-council-calls-for-end-to-attacks-on-doctors-hospitals/.

Syrian American Medical Society, ‘The Failure of UN Security Council Resolution 2286’, January 2017; https://www.sams-usa.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/UN-fail-report-07-3.pdf.

McKernan, Bethan, ‘Aleppo Attack: Syrian Army to Invade City with Ground Troops’, Independent, 23 September 2016; https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/aleppo-syria-war-assad-troops-to-invade-city-under-siege-rebels-a7326266.html.

Atlantic Council, ‘Breaking Aleppo’.

BBC News, ‘Syria Conflict: US Accuses Russia of Barbarsim in Aleppo’, 26 September 2016; https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-37468080.

Atlantic Council, ‘Breaking Aleppo’.

Osborne, Samuel, ‘Donald Trump Wins: All the Lies, Mistruths and Scare Stories He Told During the US Election Campaign’, Independent, 9 November 2016; https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-president-lies-and-mistruths-during-us-election-campaign-a7406821.html.

Graham, David, ‘The Wrong Side of the Right Side of History’, The Atlantic, 21 December 2015; https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/12/obama-right-side-of-history/420462/.

Shaheen, Kareem, ‘“Hell Itself”: Aleppo Reels from Alleged Use of Bunker-Buster Bombs’, Guardian, 26 September 2016; https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/sep/26/hell-itself-aleppo-reels-from-alleged-use-of-bunker-buster-bombs.

Violations Documentation Centre: http://www.vdc-sy.info. Link. See also: Guha-Sapir, Debarati, Benjamin Schlüter et al., ‘Patterns of Civilian and Child Deaths Due to War-Related Violence in Syria’, The Lancet, Global Health, 6 December 2017; https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(17)30469-2/fulltext.

Syrian Network for Human Rights: http://sn4hr.org/.

Specia, Megan, ‘Death Toll in Syria: Numbers Blurred in Fog of War’, Irish Times, 14 April 2018. Boghani, Priyanka, ‘A Staggering New Death Toll for Syria’s War – 470,000’.

Barnard, Anne, ‘Death Toll from War in Syria Now 470,000, Group Finds’.

Physicians for Human Rights, ‘2015 Marks Worst Year for Attacks on Hospitals in Syria’.

Dove, Steve, ‘ The White Helmets Is the 2017 Oscar Winner for Documentary (Short Subject)’, ABC, 27 February 2017; https://oscar.go.com/news/winners/the-white-helmets-is-the-2017-oscar-winner-for-documentary-short-subject.

Solon, Olivia, ‘How Syria’s White Helmets Became Victims of an Online Propaganda Machine’, Guardian, 18 December 2017; https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/18/syria-white-helmets-conspiracy-theories.

Buncombe, Andrew, ‘Trump Suggests “Vicious World” Should Be Blamed for Khashoggi Murder While Disputing Saudi Responsibility’, Independent, 22 November 2018; https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/trump-khashoggi-murder-blame-vicious-world-saudi-journalist-a8647701.html.

Miliband, David, ‘America Is Fueling Our Age of Impunity. Just Look at Yemen’, Guardian, 5 April 2019.

Cruickshank, Michael, ‘A Saudi War-Crime in Yemen? Analysing the Dahyan Bombing’, Bellingcat, 18 August 2018; https://www.bellingcat.com/news/mena/2018/08/18/19432/.

Safi, Michael and Amantha Perera, ‘Sri Lanka Blocks Social Media as Deadly Violence Continues’, Guardian, 7 March 2018; https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/07/sri-lanka-blocks-social-media-as-deadly-violence-continues-buddhist-temple-anti-muslim-riots-kandy.

Hall, Eleanor, ‘Syrian War Crimes Evidence Strongest Since Nuremberg Trials’, ABC News, 3 December 2018; https://www.abc.net.au/radio/programs/worldtoday/these-are-crimes-the-world-wont-forget-stephen-rapp-on-syria/10577142.

Puddington, Arch, Broadcasting Freedom: The Cold War Triumph of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty (Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 2015).

Parta, Eugene, Discovering the Hidden Listener: An Empirical Assessment of Radio Liberty and Western Broadcasting to the USSR in the Cold War (Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 2007).

Zinik, Zinovy, ‘Soviet Paradise Lost’, Carnegie International, Vol. 1 (Carnegie Museum of Art, Pittsburgh, PA; Rizzoli, New York, 1991).

Groys, Boris, History Becomes Form (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2010).

al-Nabahani, Sheikh Taqiuddin, The Islamic Personality, Vol. 1 (2005); http://www.hizb-australia.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Shakhsiyya-I.pdf.

Central Intelligence Agency, ‘Release of Abbottabad Compound Material’, November 2017; https://www.cia.gov/library/abbottabad-compound/index.html.

Institute for Economics & Peace, Positive Peace Report 2018: Analysing the Factors That Sustain Peace, Sydney, October 2018; http://visionofhumanity.org/app/uploads/2018/11/Positive-Peace-Report-2018.pdf.

Institute for Strategic Dialogue, ‘“I Left to Be Closer to Allah”: Learning about Foreign Fighters from Family and Friends’, 2018; http://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Families_Report.pdf.